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Unit 4
AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| target cell | a cell which bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or other signaling molecule |
| ligand | a molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one |
| phosphorylation | attachment of a phosphoryl group |
| receptor protein | chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems |
| secondary messenger | intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules |
| signal amplification | an increase in the intensity of a signal through networks of intracellular reactions |
| signal transduction | the linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulus to a specific cellular response |
| resonse | in cellular communication, the change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transduced signal from outside the cell |
| feedback | a response within a system (molecule, cell, organism, or population) that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system |
| negative feedback | some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output |
| positive feedback | a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop |
| asexual reproduction | a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes |
| cell cycle | the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells |
| interphase | the portion of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by gross changes under the microscope, and includes the G1, S and G2 phases |
| mitosis | mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei |
| cancer | a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body |
| cyclin | a family of proteins that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes or group of enzymes required for synthesis of cell cycle |
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Eleccion
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