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THE BIG BANG THEORY

TermDefinition
THE BIG BANG THEORY The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it says the universe as we know it started with a small singularity, then inflated over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today.
Visible Light Spectrum The visible light spectrum is the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view. More simply, this range of wavelengths is called visible light. Typically, the human eye can detect wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) Scientists thought if there was a BB, then there must be remnants of energy left out there in the far reaches of the universe. This energy was found in the form of microwaves and is coming at us from every point in the universe. relic radiation In the mid 1960’s, and totally by accident, two young scientists picked up mysterious microwave static coming from every direction in the sky. This radiation was very cold, which was expected. They concluded it must be the “afterglow” of the BB. 2nd
Helium Using powerful telescopes, scientists have concluded the universe consists of mainly hydrogen (74%) and helium (25%). These are the lightest elements. Heavier elements make up the other 1%. This continuity throughout the universe supports the BBT. 3
Spectrograph an apparatus for photographing or otherwise recording spectra.
ENERGY Energy is a conserved quantity; the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed.
UNIVERSE all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos. The universe is believed to be at least 10 billion light years in diameter and contains a vast number of galaxies; it has been expanding since its creation in the Big Bang 13 BYA
Galaxy a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.
Astronomy the branch of science which deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole.
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and Sir Isaac Newton’s original Theory of Gravity concluded the universe was static (lacking movement). This was later proved untrue and Einstein would call it his “biggest blunder.”
Edwin Hubble 1929 – Discovered an electromagnetic property called the Red Shift Explained why galaxies appear to be accelerating away from the each other Contrary to Einstein the Universe was expanding
Electro-magnetic Spectrum the range of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation.
Hydrogen Using powerful telescopes, scientists have concluded the universe consists of mainly hydrogen (74%) and helium (25%). These are the lightest elements. Heavier elements make up the other 1%. This continuity throughout the universe supports the BBT. 3
Fred Hoyle English astronomer, Fred Hoyle, coined the phrase Big Bang in 1949. Most scientists consider it to be the most likely scenario for the birth of the universe. There is much more supporting evidence, which is not included in this lesson.
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson In the mid 1960’s, and totally by accident, two young scientists picked up mysterious microwave static coming from every direction in the sky. This radiation was very cold, which was expected. They concluded it must be the “afterglow” of the BB. 2nd
Red Shift Think of the Doppler Effect when a fire truck passes. The sound waves are compressed in front of the train and make a high frequency sound. After the fire truck passes, the wavelengths spread out making a low frequency sound.
Red Shift 2 Light emitted from a star or galaxy can be separated into a band of colors, called a spectrum. Each color has a different wavelength just like sound has wavelengths. Notice the longer wavelengths are toward the red end of the spectrum.
Red Shift 3 Light behaves like sound. Just like sound, light has “pitch”. The red end of the spectrum has a lower pitch, or frequency, than the blue end. Think of it in sound terms, red colors are the low notes and blue colors are the high notes.
Red Shift 4 If a star is moving away from us, the light gets stretched out. This makes it appear more red than it really is. If a star is moving toward us, the light gets squeezed. This makes it appear more blue than it really is.
Red Shift 5 This shift in the absorption lines of galaxies lead Hubble to conclude that the galaxies are moving apart from each other. Space is actually expanding causing the galaxies to move with it. First piece of evidence supporting the BBT
Created by: abriana123
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