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BBT Vocab
About the Big Bang Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did scientists believe about the universe? | It is finite and expanding. |
| What did scientists believe about the volume of all matter, energy, and space? | All matter, energy, and space was once squeezed into a very small volume. |
| What is the BBT? | Sudden Expansion, not an explosion. Occurred 13.7 billion years ago |
| Visible Light Spectrum | The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that a human eye can see. |
| What does raisins being baked in a cake resemble? | Galaxies expand throughout the universe. |
| As the cake rises, what is that resembling? | They (galaxies) become more distant from each other. |
| What is causing the the galaxies to move? | Space expanding. |
| What did scientists think about CMB? | Scientists thought if there was a BB, then there must be remnants of energy left out there in the far reaches of the universe. |
| How much helium in the universe? | 25% |
| What was the form of the remnants of energy? | Microwaves. It is coming at us from every point in the universe. |
| What was the form called? | It was called “relic” radiation. |
| What did two young scientists pick up in the mid 1960's? | Mysterious microwave static coming from every direction in the sky. Totally by accident. |
| How did the radiation feel? | Very cold, which was expected. |
| What did the two scientists conclude of the radiation and static coming from the sky? | They concluded it must be the “afterglow” of the BB. |
| What is the second piece of evidence supporting BBT? | The radiation and static coming from the sky. The CMB. |
| What are the lighest elements? | Helium and hydrogen. |
| How much hydrogen is in the universe? | 74% |
| What makes up the other 1% of the universe? | Heavier elements. |
| What can we think of when we think of the red shift? | The Doppler Effect when a fire truck passes. |
| How does the Doppler Effect make a high frequency sound? | The sound waves are compressed in front of the train and make a high frequency sound. |
| How does the Doppler Effect make a low frequency sound? | After the fire truck passes, the wavelengths spread out making a low frequency sound. |
| What is a spectrum? | Light emitted from a star or galaxy can be separated into a band of colors. |
| How do the wavelengths differ? | Each color has a different wavelength just like sound has wavelengths. |
| Where are the longer wavelengths on the spectrum? | Toward the red end. |
| What had a pitch? | Light and sound. |
| What behaves like sound? | Light |
| What side of the spectrum has a lower pitch/frequency? | The red end of the spectrum has a lower pitch, or frequency, than the blue end. |
| What can you think of when trying to remember where the lower and higher pitch/frequency are on the spectrum? | Think of it in sound terms, red colors are the low notes and blue colors are the high notes. |
| When does the light get stretched out? | If a star is moving away from us. |
| If a star is moving away from us, what does it appear? | This makes it appear more red than it really is. |
| When does the light get squeezed? | If a star is moving toward us |
| If a star is moving toward us, what does it appear? | This makes it appear more blue than it really is. |
| What is the red shift? | Absorption lines shifted to the red end of the spectrum. |
| What leads Hubble to conclude that the galaxies are moving apart from each other? | The shift in the absorption lines of galaxies. |
| Since space is expanding, what happens? | The galaxies to move with it. |
| What is the first piece of evidence supporting BBT? | Absorption lines and expanding space. |
| What conclude that the universe was static, lacking movement? | Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and Sir Isaac Newton’s original Theory of Gravity. |
| What is the "biggest blunder" for and resembling? | The universe lacking movement and being static was later proved untrue and Einstein called it the "biggest blunder." |
| Who discovered an electromagnetic property called the Red Shift? | Edwin Hubble. |
| What did the electromagnetic property explain? | Why galaxies appear to be accelerating away from the each other. |
| Contrary to Einstein the ________ was ___________? | Universe, Expanding. |
| Third piece of supporting evidence for the BBT? | Hydrogen and Helium. The continuity throughout the universe. |
| Who coined the phrase Big Bang in 1949? | English astronomer, Fred Hoyle. |
| What do most scientists think the most likely scenario for the birth of the universe is? | Big Bang. |
| Is there more evidence for Big Bang and the birth of the universe? | Yes. |
| What separates incoming light by its wavelength or frequency and records the resulting spectrum? | A Spectrograph. |
| What is the process of transfer from one body to another? | Energy. |
| What is all existing matter and space being considered as a whole? | The Universe. |
| What is the system of many many stars together with gas and dust and held together by gravitational attraction? | The Galaxy. |
| What is the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole? | Astronomy. |
| What is the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends? | An Electromagnetic Spectrum. |
| Who were the two scientists who saw the microwave static coming from every direction in the sky? | Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson |
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