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Biological Evolution
8th Grade Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diversity | The variety of organisms that inhabit the Earth |
| Extinct | A species of organism that no longer exists on Earth |
| Endangered | A species of organism is at high risk of becoming extinct |
| Variation | Difference among individuals in a population |
| Who is Charles Darwin? | British scientist who formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection |
| What are some factors affecting natural selection? | Overproduction, variation, competition, environmental conditions |
| What is an adaption? | These are characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. Includes structures and behavior for finding food, a mate, for protection and for moving from place to place |
| Behavioral Adaptations | Responses made by an organism that help it to survive or reproduce (bears hibernating in the winter) |
| Structural adaptations | Feature of an organism’s body that helps it (penguins blubber to protect from extreme cold) |
| Physiological adaptations | A body process that helps an organism survive/reproduce (snakes produce venom to ward off predator/catch prey |
| Migration | The seasonal movement of animals from one region to another |
| Camouflage | Disguise of an animal’s appearance by blending in to its environment |
| Hibernation | State of inactivity and decreases metabolism for an extended amount of time usually in the winter |
| Resource Conservation | The ability to store fat or water in the body (camel’s hump) |
| Artificial Size | Ability to change size in efforts to ward off predators (puffer fish) |
| Mimicry | The resemblance of one organism to another or to an object in its surroundings for concealment or protection from predators. |
| What is mutation? | Any change in the DNA of an organism |
| How do mutations occur? | Two ways-1) inherited from a parent 2)acquired during a person’s lifetime |
| How do mutations lead to adaptations? | When the mutation that an organism experiences is a positive, and it lives long enough to pas that good attribute on to its offspring, this may become widespread within the population creating an adaptation. |
| Homologous Structures | Similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor. It is a structure that shows how certain species have inherited a function from an ancestor. |
| Transitional fossils | Exhibits traits common to both ancestral group and its descendants |
| Similarities in DNA | Scientist can also compare the DNA to note how many base pairs match up |
| Embryological evidence | Scientist observe the embryonic development of various species of organisms to see if they are related. |
| Fossil | the preserve ed remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past |
| Sedimentary Rocks | Rocks formed from pre-existing rocks called sediment or pieces of once living organisms |
| What is the only type of rock that fossils can be found? | Sedimentary rocks |
| Half-life | The time taken form the radioactivity of specified property to decrease by half of its original value |
| Radioactive dating | Process where scientist look at the half-life of chemicals contained in rocks around a fossil to determine the age of the fossil |
| Law of Superposition | States that each undisturbed rock layer is older than the layer above it. |
| Weathering | The creation of smaller pieces of rock through physical or chemical means |
| Erosion | The moving of sediments from their original position |
| Compaction & Cementation | Process by which sediment is squeezed and glued together into a new rock |
| True or False: Any type of rock can become another type, given the right conditions. | True |
Created by:
wwturner28
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