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Unit 4
AP Biology Unit 4-Magdaleno
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Target cell | a cell which bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or other signaling molecule |
| Ligand | an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordination bonding |
| Phosphorylation | the process of adding a phsophate group to a protein |
| Receptor protein | Receptor proteins are proteins imbedded in the cell membrane |
| Secondary Messenger | Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface |
| Signal Amplification | The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction. |
| Signal transduction | process by which a chemical signal is transmitted through a cell causing a cell response |
| Response | In cellular communication, the change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transduced signal from outside the cell |
| Feedback | information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvement. |
| Negative Feedback | the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibi |
| Positive Feedback | the enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it. |
| Asexual reproduction | The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. |
| Cell Cycle | an ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division into two. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of interphase and M phase. |
| Interphase | The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle. |
| Mitosis | A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughte |
| Cancer | a malignant growth or tumor resulting from the division of abnormal cells |
| Cyclin | A cellular protein that occurs in cylically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle. |
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KassidyM
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