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Unit 4
AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary - Cruz-Matias
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Target Cell | cell that has a receptor that can bind to a ligand |
| Ligand | A signaling molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one |
| Phosphorylation | the process through which a phosphate group is transferred from one molecule to a protein |
| Receptor Protein | Molecules that have binding sites for signaling molecules., when activated by a specific signaling molecules, they initiate a series of reactions that activates a cellular process |
| Secondary Messenger | A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signal received by a signal receptor protein |
| Signal Amplification | increase in the intensity of signal , helps make cellular response more effective and quicker |
| Signal Transduction | linkage of a chemical stimulus to a specific cellular response |
| Response | specific cellular response to the signal molecule |
| Feedback | response within a system |
| Negative Feedback | occurs to reduce the change or output: the result of a reaction is reduced to bring the system back to a stable state |
| Positive Feedback | occurs to increase the change or output: the result of a reaction is amplified to make it occur more quickly |
| Asexual Reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Cell Cycle | sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces |
| Interphase | the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. |
| Mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new daughter cells, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| Cancer | A malignant growth or tumor resulting in an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. |
| Cyclin | a cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle |
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bryann.c
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