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Chapter 13
Vital Signs and Monitoring Devices
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| auscultation | listening A stethoscope is used to auscultate for characteristic sounds |
| blood pressure | the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels |
| blood pressure monitor | a machine that automatically inflates a blood pressure cuff and measures blood pressure |
| brachial artery | the major artery of the arm |
| brachial pulse | the pulse felt in the upper arm |
| bradycardia | a slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60 beats per minute |
| carotid pulse | the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck |
| constrict | get smaller |
| diastolic blood pressure | the pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling |
| dialate | get larger |
| oxygen saturation | the ratio of the amount of oxygen present in the blood to the amount that could be carried, expressed as a percentage |
| palpation | touching or feeling. a pulse or blood pressure may be palpated with the fingertips |
| pulse | the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries |
| pulse oximeter | an electronic device for determining the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, known as the oxygen saturation or SpO2 |
| pulse quality | the rhythm (regular or irregular)and force (strong or weak) of the pulse |
| pulse rate | the number of pulse beats per minute |
| pupil | the black center of the eye |
| radial pulse | the pulse felt at the wrist |
| reactivity | in the pupils of the eyes, reacting to light by changing size |
| respiration | the act of breathing in and breathing out |
| respiratory quality | the normal or abnormal character of breathing |
| respiratory rate | the number of breaths taken in one minute |
| respiratory rhythm | the regular or irregular spacing of breaths |
| sphygmomanometer | the cuff and gauge used to measure blood pressure |
| systolic blood pressure | the pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries |
| tachycardia | a rapid pulse; any pulse rate above 100 beats per minute |
| vital signs | outward signs of what is going on inside the body, including respiration; pulse; skin color, temperature and condition; pupils; and blood pressure |
| When are vital signs obtained? | during the secondary assessment |
| What are the 6 vital signs? | pulse, blood pressure, respiratory, skin, pulse oximetry, and pupils |
| What is the base line vital signs? | the first time you take a patient's vital signs |
| What is the normal pulse rate for adults? | 60-100 bpm |
| What is a normal pulse rate for an athlete? | 40-50 bpm |
| What are the 4 breathing sounds that cause concern? | snoring, wheezing, gurgling, and crowing |
| What is the normal pulse rate for adolescents? | 60-105 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a school aged child? | 70-110 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a preschooler? | 80-120 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a toddler? | 80-130 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for an infant 6 to 12 months old? | 80-140 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for an infant 0-5 months old? | 90-140 bpm |
| What is the normal pulse rate for a newborn? | 120-160 bpm |
| What are the possible causes for a rapid, regular and full pulse? | exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure, first stage of blood loss |
| What are the possible causes for a rapid regular and thready pulse? | shock, later stages of blood loss |
| What are the possible causes for a slow pulse? | head injury, drugs, some poisons, some heart problems, lack of oxygen in children |
| What are the possible causes for no pulse? | cardiac arrest or ventricular assist device |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult? | 12 - 20 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for an adolescent? | 12 - 20 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for a school aged child? | 15 - 30 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for a preschooler? | 20 - 30 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for a toddler? | 20 - 30 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant 6 to 12 months old? | 20 - 30 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant 0 to 5 months old? | 25 - 40 per minute |
| What is a normal respiratory rate for a newborn? | 30 - 50 per minute |
| What are the possible causes for snoring? | airway blocked |
| What are the possible causes for wheezing? | medical problem such as asthma |
| What are the possible causes for gurgling? | fluids in airway |
| What are the possible causes for crowing? | medical problem that can't be treated on the scene |
| Where are the best places to check skin color? | nail beds, inside of the cheek, and the inside of the lower eyelids |
| What are the possible causes of pink skin color? | normal in light-skinned patients |
| What are the possible causes of pale skin color? | constricted blood vessels possibly resulting from blood loss, shock, hypotension, emotional distress |
| What are the possible causes of cyanotic skin color? | lack of oxygen in blood cells and tissues resulting from inadequate breathing or heart function |
| What are the possible causes of flushed skin color? | exposure to heat, emotional excitement |
| What are the possible causes of jaundiced skin color? | abnormalities of the liver |
| What are the possible causes of mottled skin color? | occasionally in patients with shock |
| What are the possible causes of cool, clammy skin? | shock or anxiety |
| What are the possible causes of cold, moist skin? | body is losing heat |
| What are the possible causes of cold, dry skin? | exposure to cold |
| What are the possible causes of hot, dry skin? | high fever or heat exposure |
| What are the possible causes of hot, moist skin? | high fever or heat exposure |
| What are the possible causes of goose pimples | chills, communicable disease, exposure to cold, pain, or fear |
| What are the possible causes of dilated pupils? | fright, blood loss, drugs, prescription eye drops |
| What are the possible causes of constricted pupils? | drugs, prescription eye drops? |
| What are the possible causes of unequal pupils? | stroke, head injury, eye injury, artificial eye, prescription eye drops |
| What are the possible causes of nonreactive pupils? | drugs, lack of oxygen to the brain |
| What is the average blood pressure in adults? | 120/80 |
| What is the average blood pressure for adolescents? | 114/76 |
| What is the average blood pressure for school aged children? | 105/69 |
| What is the average blood pressure for preschoolers? | 99/65 |
| What are the possible causes for high blood pressure? | medical condition, exertion, fright, emotional distress, or excitement |
| What are the possible causes for low blood pressure? | athlete or other person with normally low blood pressure, blood loss, late sign of shock |
| What oxygen saturation would describe mild hypoxia? | 91 - 95 percent |
| What oxygen saturation would describe significant or moderate hypoxia? | 86 - 90 percent |
| What oxygen saturation would describe severe hypoxia? | 85 percent or lower |
| What is a normal blood glucose level? | at least 60 - 80 mg/dL, no more than 120 - 140 mg/dL |
Created by:
caitlyncrum
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