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Science6C
Midterm review for Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alfred Wegener | German scientist proposed the theory of continental drift |
| continental drift | the idea that the continents are moving or drifting that they drifted in the past and that they continue to drift |
| lithosphere | top layer of the mantle;hard like the crust |
| 3 types of plate boundaries | fracture boundaries spreading boundaries colliding boundaries |
| fracture boundaries | these boundaries slide past each other |
| spreading boundaries | these boundaries move away from each other allowing magma to rise to the surface and cause volcanoes |
| colliding boundaries | these boundaries move towards each other causing earthquakes or volcanoes |
| plates | huge sections of the crust and lithosphere that flow or drift across the earth |
| crater | is a steep sided depression at the top of a volcano. it can form during an eruption or if the rim of the volcano collapses |
| lava | it is magma that reaches the surface |
| magma | molten rock beneath the surface of the earth |
| fault | a crack in the earth's crust |
| epicenter | point on earth's surface directly over the focus |
| focus | under ground point where the earthquake occurs |
| ridges | mountains under the ocean |
| outer core | inner most layer of the earth that scientists think is made of iron mixed with smaller amounts of smaller material |
| inner core | inner most layer of earth mostly made of iron |
| convection currents | movement caused by the rising of hot melted rock and the downward movement of that same rock as it cools |
| mantle | middle layer it is the thickest layer and contains most of earth's mass |
| pangaea | name of the super continent when all earth's land masses were group together |
| galileo | a scientist who in the 1600s studied falling objects and the idea of gravity |
| issac newton | in 1686 he published his book principia in it related forces in the motion of objects his book had the idea of many scientists together in a way people could understand them |
| first law of motion | an object at rest stays at rest an object in motion remains in motion at a constant speed and in a straight line unless a unbalanced force is acted on it |
| 2nd law of motion | acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the net force applied |
| 3rd law of motion | when a force is applied to an object the objects exerts an equal force in the opposite direction |
| inertia | is the tendency of an object at rest remains at rest or in constant motion unless a force acts on it |
| balanced force | causes no change in motion even if an object is moving |
| unbalanced force | can cause an object at rest to move it can also change the speed or direction of a moving object |
| friction | force that resists movement of one surface past another; friction produces thermal energy |
| rolling friction | resists movement of a rolling object |
| swliding friction | resists movement of a sliding object |
| static friction | resists a movement of an object begins to move |
| volume | tells how much space an object takes up v= l*w*h |
| density | measures the amount of matter in a given space D=M/V |
| mass | the amount of matter that makes up an object |
| chemical change | when a new substance is made or reacts with something else |
| physical change | are observable and meaureable and do not change the matter |
| signs of chemical change | when a new substance is formed |
| four states of matter | solid liquid gas plasma |
| solid | definite shape and volume particles are close together and have strong attraction to hold together |
| liquid | definate volume no definate shape particles have less attraction than particles in a solid so they can move more freely (pour) |
| gas | no definite shape take the shape of their container,no definite volume, particles have little attractions to each other and move in different directions to each other |
| plasma | no dfinite shape or volume particles can conduct electricity ex. lighting, fire, welding arcs, flouresent and neon lights |
| are the melting point and freezing the same | yes |
| what happens when the attraction of particles gets an increase in temperature | they melt |
Created by:
Nat11
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