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PARTICLES
Solids, Liquids and Gases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object |
| Particle theory of a solid | In solids, the particles are in a regular pattern, touching each other. They are strongly attracted to each other. They don't move around, just vibrate on the spot. |
| Particle theory of a liquid | In liquids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern, they are touching each other. They are strongly attracted to each other. They move around, in and out of the other particles. |
| Particle theory of a gas | In gases, the particles don't touch each other. They're not attracted to each other. The particles move fast in all directions. There's no regular pattern. |
| Greek philosophers who worked on matter 2500 years ago | Zeno, Leucippus and Democritus |
| When you "squash" gases together, it's called | Compression |
| Why can't you compress liquids or solids | Their particles are already touching so can't get closer together |
| Diffusion | Particles spread out. Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion happens in liquids and gases because their particles move randomly from place to place. |
| Which is slower, liquid diffusion or gas diffusion | Liquid - particles in a liquid move more slowly |
| What changes when a substance changes shape | Particles don't change, but distance between particles, their speed and their attraction does. |
| Gas changing into a liquid - this change of state is called | condensing |
| Liquid turning to ice - this change of state is called | freezing |
| Ice changing to water- this change of state is called | melting |
| Water changing to steam - this change of state is called | Boiling |
| Why do solids and liquids expand as they get hotter | The particles vibrate faster so they get slightly further apart |
| What happens when a substance contracts | It gets smaller - when a solid or liquid cools its particles get closer together. |
| Freezing point | 0 degrees C |
| Boiling point | 100 degrees C |
| Body temperature | about 36-37 degrees C |
| Do particles get bigger when they get hotter | No, the particles stay the same size, They just get further apart |
| How can you speed up dissolving | stirring and heating |
| IN a saturated solution, how much more solute can dissolve | none |
| how do you find the mass of a solution | add the masses of solvent and solute |
| examples of solvents | water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, Tetrachloroethylene. |
| What is a solute and a solvent | A solute is the substance that dissolves to make a solution. In salt solution, salt is the solute. A solvent is the substance that does the dissolving – it dissolves the solute. In salt solution, water is the solvent. |
| Gas pressure is caused by | particles colliding with container walls |
| What increases gas pressure | Heating |
| Most solids are denser than | liquids and gases |
| How does temperature affect gas pressure | when air particles get hotter, they move faster. If air inside a container os cold, the particles move slowly, hitting the inside of the container less often. Warm air particles hit the outside more often and the container will collapse. |
| Liquid water has a greater what than steam | density |
| Independent variable | What you will change |
| Control variables | What you will measure |
| Particle theory explains | the states of matter, diffusion and dissolving |
| distillation | a way of separating a solvent from a solution |
| density | the number of particles of matter in a certain volume |
Created by:
Frankiek
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