Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Respiratory Guide
Respiratory Study Guide Med Surg 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do you conduct a Respiratory Assessment? | Inspection, Palpate, Auscultate,Respiratory rate |
| On Inspection what are you doing? | You are looking at the lungs, the chest, breathing |
| Palpation? | |
| Auscultation? | Listen to the lungs |
| Respiratory rate? | 12-20 is normal, regular, even, unlabored |
| Symmetry? | Are both lungs rising on inspiration and lowering on exhalation |
| What color is the patients skin? | Pink/PALE/blue/cyanotic |
| What is the temperature of the skin? | warm/pink/cool/cold/dying |
| Capillary refill time? | Normal <3 secs |
| Pulse Oximetry/02 Sats? | % of O2 in the blod stream/ 95% or better |
| Clubbing? | poor circulation, found in COPD pt |
| O2 in use? | Validate LPM for pt/ make sure ball is in the middle |
| Cough? | Productive/non-productive/sputum-color/amount |
| LOC? | Level of Conscoiusness/ what level are they? |
| Heart rate? | It will increase-trying to compensate for the low level of O2 |
| Pulses? | Increase-0Absent,+1Weak,+2Thready/Weak,+3Normal,+4Bounding |
| Urine output? | Kidneys need O2 to work correctly/low O2/low urine output |
| Bowel sounds? | O2 helps peristalis |
| Sputum can come in different colors | yellow, red, clear, frothy pink |
| Hemoptysis | Bloody sputum-fluid overflow-frothy sputum |
| Crackles | fluid in lungs, CHF,pneumonia |
| Clear | normal |
| Yellow | Means infection |
| CLient positioning for SOA? | High Folwers |
| Chest physiotherapy is? | Cupping of hands and pounding on back of lungs,side, front of chest to break up mucous |
| Cough and Deep Breathing or Cough,Turn and Deep Breath | C&DB or CT&DB |
| Pursed lip breathing helps to slow down? | Breath out slower/increases elasticity in your lungs, helps with breathing |
| Incentive Spirometer | Designed to mimic deep breathing |
| What does it do for the lungs? | Helps them expand and prevent fluid buildup |
| How does a pt demonstrate knowledge of how to use the spirometer? | have them RETURN DEMONSTRATE |
| What 3 things should you do to prevent pneumonia/DVT post op? | Incentive Spiro,C&DB, Get up & walking |
| Oxygen Administration | Air in atmosphere contains 21% oxygen |
| It is ordered by LPM (Liters per minute) | Always requiresan order to use O2 |
| 1 Liter of O2 delivered by nasal cannula N/C | Adds 3% O2 to room air |
| Simple O2 mask | |
| Capillary refill time? | Normal <3 secs |
| Pulse Oximetry/02 Sats? | % of O2 in the blod stream/ 95% or better |
| Clubbing? | poor circulation, found in COPD pt |
| O2 in use? | Validate LPM for pt/ make sure ball is in the middle |
| Cough? | Productive/non-productive/sputum-color/amount |
| LOC? | Level of Conscoiusness/ what level are they? |
| Heart rate? | It will increase-trying to compensate for the low level of O2 |
| Pulses? | Increase-0Absent,+1Weak,+2Thready/Weak,+3Normal,+4Bounding |
| Urine output? | Kidneys need O2 to work correctly/low O2/low urine output |
| Bowel sounds? | O2 helps peristalis |
| Sputum can come in different colors | yellow, red, clear, frothy pink |
| Hemoptysis | Bloody sputum-fluid overflow-frothy sputum |
| Crackles | fluid in lungs, CHF,pneumonia |
| Clear | normal |
| Yellow | Means infection |
| CLient positioning for SOA? | High Folwers |
| Chest physiotherapy is? | Cupping of hands and pounding on back of lungs,side, front of chest to break up mucous |
| Cough and Deep Breathing or Cough,Turn and Deep Breath | C&DB or CT&DB |
| Pursed lip breathing helps to slow down? | Breath out slower/increases elasticity in your lungs, helps with breathing |
| Simple facemask | It allows 40% oxygen to be delivered to the wearer |
| Venturi Mask | this uses a mechanical vent, which increases the rate at which the oxygen flows into the mask. The only problem here is that it delivers only up to 28% oxygen |
| Partial Rebreather Mask | this is a style that allows almost 60% oxygen to be delivered to the person wearing it and it looks like a non-breather mask, but it is not. |
| Nonrebreather mask | this is the most effective kind of mask as it allows almost 90% oxygen to be delivered to the person and this can only be used as per prescription and with proper medical attention. |
| What are some of the advantages of portable O2? | Independence,Keep lungs stronger,prevent depression |
| How do titrate O2? | titrate means to keep O2 sats >95% |
| Normal O2 is 95% | Anything between 95-100% is good |
| Titrate | turn O2 up or down to keep it at or above 95% |
| RBC=erythrocytes | carries O2 & waste products |
| Hemoglobin(Hgb): | Hgb binds to RBC which move O2 through bloodstream |
| Hematocrit(Hct): | Hct is the percentage of Hgb in the blood;Hct=3xHgb |
| RBCs | 4.5-5.5 million |
| >5.5 RBCs =Polycythemia | produces a high concentration of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the circulating blood, but it's important to note that white blood cell and platelet counts may also be increased. |
| <4.5 RBCs=anemia | Blood loss Lack of red blood cell production High rates of red blood cell destruction |
| Normal levels for Hbg and Hct | Hgb:12-18 3xHct:36%-54% |
| Nosebleed | Epistasix |
| Red blood in stool? | Hematochezia |
| Dark tarry stool | Melena |
| Blood in urine | Hematuria |
| Bloody sputum | Hemoptysis |
| Bloody vomit | Hematemisis |
| Bruising | Echymosis |
| Small red spots on skin | Pitichia |
| Lower GI blood=Lower GI Bleed | Stool=bright red bloodAbd=soft/flatHR=IncreaseRR=IncreaseMental status=sleepyBP=lowskin color=paleRBC=lowHgb=lowHct=LowN/V=yes |
| WBC(leukocyte)=fight infection | Normal 5,000-10,000 |
| >10,000 | leukocytosis |
| <5,000 | leukopenia |
| leukocytosis | is a condition characterized by an elevated number of white cells in the blood |
| leukopenia | Lower than the normal amount of white blood cells |
| There are 2 zones in the respiratory system what are they? | ConductingRespiratory |
| Conduxting ZOne | air moves in a continuous passageway & includes 6 passageways. |
| What 6 passageways are in the Conducting zone? | Nasal cavityPharynzLarynz(voicebox)Trachea(windpipe)Primary bronchiLungs |
| Respiratory zone | is found deep inside the lungswhere inhaled O2 can be exchanged for CO2 |
| Respiratory zone includes: | Respiratory bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveoli |
| Respiratory system is divided into two tracts | Upper and lower respiratory tracts |
| Upper respiratory is located: | in the head and neck and consists of the:Nose,Pharynx,Larynx |
| Lower Respiratory tract | Trachea,Primary bronchi,lungs;located in the chest |
| What is the function of the nasal cavity? | clean and warm air you breath |
| Where is the Larynx? | Passageway between the pharnyx and lower airway |
| What is the function of the Larnyx? | It is your voicebox |
| What is another name for the trachea? | Windpipe |
| What does the Bronchial tree consist of? | primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi |
| Secondary bronchi forms when? | Primary bronchus enters the lung |
| From the primary bronchus, this is where air is? | directly conducted to one of the five lobes within the lungs |
| Tertiary bronchi? | Derive form the secondary bronchi and conduct air to and from the bronchial segment |
| Pulmonary Arteries carry deoxygenated blood? | To the lungs to release CO2 and pick up O2 |
| Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood ? | From the lungs to the heart from which it is pumped through the rest of the body |
| Breathing is controlled by what? | The respiratory center, which is located in the Medulla |
| Breathing out requires no effort unless? | pt has lung disease or doing physical activity |
| How can you change your respiration rate? | Emotions, hormones, physical activity |
| T adjust breathing to needs, your body has sensors in the brain,blood vessels,muscles, and lungs called? | Chemoreceptors, there are Central and Peripheral receptors |
| Central chemoreceptors respond | when CO2 is increased around the brainstem |
| Peripheral chemoreceptors respond | when O2 is decreased in the arteries |
| Breathing is controlled by | Medulla and sensors located in the brain,blood vessels,muscles and lungs |
| Sensors: | Adjust breathing to changing needsdetect lung irritants in airways |
| COPD & chemoreceptors: | Drive/stimulus to breathe is low-levels of O2 senses by the peripheral chemoreceptors |
| Why should you never tun the O2 up on a COPD pt? | It will cut out their O2 receptors. They have high CO2 levels in their blood |
| Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) | Sampling of the blood measures the levels of O2 and CO2 within the arteries, as opposed to venous blood |
| Where is the needlestick done? | in the wrist |
| What is the O2 measurement used for? | Whether the pt needs oxygen therapy |
| What does the CO2 measure provide? | Gives some idea of lung function; important to know when starting O2 therapy |
| ABGs are measured to determine the amount of? | O2 dissolved in the blood(pO2)%of hgb saturated w/O2 (O2 sat)amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood (pCO2)amount of acid in blood (pH) |
| What is the Allen test? | used to test the blood supply in your hand |
| Why would you use the hand for this test? | the hand is supplied with two arteries the ulnar and radial arteries |
| What are you testing for? | to see if there is a blockage in either of these arteries |
| How do you test this? | Apply pressure to both arteries for seconds release one at a time, color should return in 7 seconds |
| What happend if the color takes longer to come back than 7 seconds | Then you are not supposed to draw blood from that arm. |
| If her pH is < (less than) 7.35; | her last name is ACIDOSIS. |
| If her pH is > (greater than) 7.45; | her last name is ALKALOSIS. |
| If it is 7.35-7.45 (normal) | then her first name is COMPENSATED. |
| If the pH is <7.35 or >7.45-- | then her first name is UNCOMPENSATED |
| If the CO2 is <35 or >45 | RESPIRATORY |
| If the HCO3 is <22 or >26 | METABOLIC |
| pH and HCO3 are "kissin’ cousins"-- | they like to go in the same direction |
| But CO2 is the "black sheep"-- | pH runs the opposite direction when it sees him coming |
Created by:
vlgerard10
Popular Nursing sets