A cell that responds to a regulatory signal, such as a hormone.

A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.

A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.

Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane

Intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules.

The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.

(also known as cell signaling) is the transmission of molecular signals from a cell's exterior to its interior.

Cellular response is the end of the line for a signal brought to the target cell by a signaling molecule.

A response within a system (molecule, cell, organism, or population) that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system.

A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.

A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change.

A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed of the M, G1, S, and G2 phases.

The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle.

A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

A regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically.

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Unit 4

AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary - Garcia

Term	Definition
Target Cell	A cell that responds to a regulatory signal, such as a hormone.
Ligand	A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.
Phosphorylation	A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.
Receptor Protein	Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane
Secondary Messenger	Intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules.
Signal Amplification	The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.
Signal Transduction	(also known as cell signaling) is the transmission of molecular signals from a cell's exterior to its interior.
Response	Cellular response is the end of the line for a signal brought to the target cell by a signaling molecule.
Feedback	A response within a system (molecule, cell, organism, or population) that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system.
Negative Feedback	A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
Positive Feedback	A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change.
Asexual Reproduction	A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
Cell Cycle	An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed of the M, G1, S, and G2 phases.
Interphase	The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle.
Mitosis	A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Cancer	A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
Cyclin	A regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically.

Created by: Nataly Garcia

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