any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber

The term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule often a larger one

The process of generating ATP form ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis

proteins imbedded in the cell membrane

are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.

in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction

the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.

s in words or in some action. Biology.

occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output

A form of regulation in which an end product of process speeds up that process in physiology a control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change

The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes.

An ordered sequence of events in the life of cell from its origin in the division of a parent cell unit its own division into two .

The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing.

A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages prophase,prometaphase

A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.

any of a number of proteins associated with the cycle of cell division which are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis.

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Unit 4

AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary

Term	Definition
Target Cell	any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber
Ligand	The term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule often a larger one
Phosphorylation	The process of generating ATP form ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis
Receptor Protein	proteins imbedded in the cell membrane
Secondary Messenger	are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
Signal Amplification	in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction
Signal Transduction	the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
Response	s in words or in some action. Biology.
Feedback	occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.
Negative Feedback	occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output
Positive Feedback	A form of regulation in which an end product of process speeds up that process in physiology a control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change
Asexual Reproduction	The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes.
Cell Cycle	An ordered sequence of events in the life of cell from its origin in the division of a parent cell unit its own division into two .
Interphase	The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing.
Mitosis	A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages prophase,prometaphase
Cancer	A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.
Cyclin	any of a number of proteins associated with the cycle of cell division which are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis.

Created by: JohnnyMadaleno22

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