The cell that receives the signal.

A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule , usually a larger one.

The addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a molecule.

Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane that receive the signaling molecule.

A small, non-protein, water soluble molecule or ion. They relay & amplify intracellular signal.

The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.

The linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response.

The change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transducted signal from outside the cell.

A response within a system (molecule, cell, organism, or population) that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system.

A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process.

A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process.

The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts ). Offspring are mostly genetically identical to the parent.

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into 2.

The period in the cell cycle, when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. It often accounts for about 90% of the cell.

A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cellls conventionally divided into 5 stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase. It conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.

Any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.

A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle.

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Unit 4

AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary

Term	Definition
Target Cell	The cell that receives the signal.
Ligand	A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule , usually a larger one.
Phosphorylation	The addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a molecule.
Receptor Protein	Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane that receive the signaling molecule.
Secondary Messenger	A small, non-protein, water soluble molecule or ion. They relay & amplify intracellular signal.
Signal Amplification	The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.
Signal Transduction	The linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response.
Response	The change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transducted signal from outside the cell.
Feedback	A response within a system (molecule, cell, organism, or population) that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system.
Negative Feedback	A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process.
Positive Feedback	A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process.
Asexual Reproduction	The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts ). Offspring are mostly genetically identical to the parent.
Cell Cycle	An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into 2.
Interphase	The period in the cell cycle, when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. It often accounts for about 90% of the cell.
Mitosis	A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cellls conventionally divided into 5 stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase. It conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.
Cancer	Any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.
Cyclin	A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle.

Created by: AmericaC

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