any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.

a molecule that binds specifically to another molecule usually a larger one.

a biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound

are proteins imbedded in the cell membrane, these proteins span across the membrane, so part of it is sticking out of the cell and part of it is inside of the cell.

molecule inside cells that acts to transmit signals from a receptor to a target.

the use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.

the linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response.

the change in a specific cellular activity brought about transduced signal from outside of the cell.

method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.

form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product if process slows the process.

form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process.

generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into 2 or more parts.) Most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

order sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into 2. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of interphase and M phase.

period in the cell cycle when the cell is not diving, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.

process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter molecule.

disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle.

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Unit 4

AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary - Cruz

Term	Definition
Target Cell	any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.
Ligand	a molecule that binds specifically to another molecule usually a larger one.
Phosphorylation	a biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound
Receptor Protein	are proteins imbedded in the cell membrane, these proteins span across the membrane, so part of it is sticking out of the cell and part of it is inside of the cell.
Secondary Messenger	molecule inside cells that acts to transmit signals from a receptor to a target.
Signal Amplification	the use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.
Signal Transduction	the linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response.
Response	the change in a specific cellular activity brought about transduced signal from outside of the cell.
Feedback	method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
Negative Feedback	form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product if process slows the process.
Positive Feedback	form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process.
Asexual Reproduction	generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into 2 or more parts.) Most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Cell Cycle	order sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into 2. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of interphase and M phase.
Interphase	period in the cell cycle when the cell is not diving, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.
Mitosis	process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter molecule.
Cancer	disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
Cyclin	cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle.

Created by: evelyncruz

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