Any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.

A substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose as well as usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein.

A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.

Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane that is meant to recognize and bind to specific substances outside of the cell.

Small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector proteins.

The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.

The transmission of molecular signals from a cell's exterior to its interior.

A change in the organism resulting from the detection of a stimulus.

A response within a system that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system. In essence, it is the control of a biological reaction by the end products of that reaction.

A response that is the reverse of the change detected. A change is detected by a receptor and an effector is activated to induce an opposite effect – this promotes equilibrium.

To increase the change or output: the result of a reaction is amplified to make it occur more quickly.

A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

A cycle of stages that cells pass through to allow them to divide and produce new cells.

The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

The step in the cell cycle that the newly duplicated DNA is separated, and two new cells are formed.

The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body

A family of proteins that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) enzymes or group of enzymes required for synthesis of cell cycle.

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Unit 4

AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary- Hunter

Term	Definition
Target Cell	Any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.
Ligand	A substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose as well as usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein.
Phosphorylation	A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.
Receptor Protein	Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane that is meant to recognize and bind to specific substances outside of the cell.
Secondary Messenger	Small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector proteins.
Signal Amplification	The use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction.
Signal Transduction	The transmission of molecular signals from a cell's exterior to its interior.
Response	A change in the organism resulting from the detection of a stimulus.
Feedback	A response within a system that influences the continued activity or productivity of that system. In essence, it is the control of a biological reaction by the end products of that reaction.
Negative Feedback	A response that is the reverse of the change detected. A change is detected by a receptor and an effector is activated to induce an opposite effect – this promotes equilibrium.
Positive Feedback	To increase the change or output: the result of a reaction is amplified to make it occur more quickly.
Asexual Reproduction	A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
Cell Cycle	A cycle of stages that cells pass through to allow them to divide and produce new cells.
Interphase	The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Mitosis	The step in the cell cycle that the newly duplicated DNA is separated, and two new cells are formed.
Cancer	The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body
Cyclin	A family of proteins that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) enzymes or group of enzymes required for synthesis of cell cycle.

Created by: ahunter1229

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