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13. Modern Genetics

AP Biology

QuestionAnswer
aneuploid individual with an error in chromosome number; includes deletions and duplications of chromosome segments
autosome any of the non-sex chromosomes
centimorgan (cM) (also, map unit) relative distance that corresponds to a recombination frequency of 0.01
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance theory proposing that chromosomes are the vehicles of genes and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed
chromosome inversion detachment, 180° rotation, and reinsertion of a chromosome arm
euploid individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species
homologous recombination process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also known as crossing over
karyogram photographic image of a karyotype
karyotype number and appearance of an individuals chromosomes; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position
monosomy otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing
nondisjunction failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the first cell division of meiosis
nonparental (recombinant) type progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents
paracentric inversion that occurs outside of the centromere
parental types progeny that exhibits the same allelic combination as its parents
pericentric inversion that involves the centromere
polyploid individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets
recombination frequency average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a population of progeny
translocation process by which one segment of a chromosome dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome
trisomy otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome is duplicated
X inactivation condensation of X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose
Created by: haqcyn
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