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Unit 3
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary - Cruz-Matias
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | making and breaking of chemical bonds |
| Enzyme | catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction, most are proteins |
| Enzyme-mediated | enzyme binds to substrate, which breaks down to release products and the enzyme |
| Substrate | molecule that can interact w/ an enzyme |
| Activation Energy | initial starting energy for a chemical reaction |
| Catalysis | the sped up of a chemical reaction by a catalyst |
| Catalysts | chemical agent that increases rate of reaction w/o being consumed by reaction |
| Competitive Inhibition | substances that reduce the activity of the enzyme by blocking substrates from entering active sites |
| Denaturation | changes in the 3D shape of an enzyme |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | substances that reduce the activity of the enzyme by binding to allestoric site instead |
| pH | measure of hydrogen ion concentration |
| Cyanobacteria | a group of photosynthetic bacteria |
| NADPH/NADP+ | coenzyme that functions as a universal electron carrier, accepting electrons and hydrogen atoms to form NADPH |
| ADP | the molecule that ATP becomes when it gives up one of its three phosphate groups |
| Aeorobic | type of respiration that needs oxygen |
| Anaerobic | type of respiration that doesn't need oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | release of chemical energy through the breakdown of glucose & creates ATP |
| Coenzyme | organic molecule serving as a cofactor which will be permanent or will be loosely bound to an enzyme and are helpers for catalytic activity |
| Cytosol | semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Electrochemical Gradient | diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential |
| Electron | outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms |
| Electron Receptor | chemical entity that accepts electrons? |
| Electron Carrier | pick up electrons from one molecule and drop them off with another |
| Endothermic | a process or reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. |
| Fermentation | anaerobic process that breaks down glucose |
| Glycolysis | sugar splitting of glucose that makes pyruvates |
| Inorganic Chemistry | yes |
| Lactic Acid | byproduct of fermentation |
| NADH/NAD+ | NAD+ is an electron carrier which will pick up electrons during the course of cellular respiration, NADH carries electrons all the way to the Electron Transport Chain, where it will then drop off the electrons |
| Organic Chemistry | yes |
| Oxidation | NADH & FADH2 lose high energy electrons to the ETC |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | process of making ATP using the stored energy of a proton gradient |
| Photo phosphorylation | conversion of ADP to ATP using the energy of sunlight by activation of PSII |
| Proton | positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus |
| Pyruvate | what is made from the sugar splitting of glucose , broken down into NADH and FADH2 |
| Stimuli | feedback regulation triggered by a response |
Created by:
bryann.c
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