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APSM Biolody M8
Apologia 2e
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| True breeding | an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring |
| Allele | One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes |
| Genotype | Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait |
| Phenotype | The observable expression of an organism's genes |
| Homozygous genotype | A genotype in which both alleles are identical |
| Heterozygous genotype | A genotype with two different alleles |
| Dominant allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype |
| Recessive allele | An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele |
| Mendel 1st principle of genetics | Traits of an organism are determined by its genes. |
| Mendel 2nd principle of genetics | Each organism has 2 alleles to make up the genotype for a given trait |
| Mendel 3rd principle of genetics | In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes only one allele to offspring. |
| Mendel 4th principle of genetics | In each genotype, there is a dominant allele. If it exists, it determines the phenotype |
| Pedigree | A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations |
| Monohybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait |
| Dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Antigen | A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody |
| Autosomal inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
| Genetic disease carrier | A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder |
| Sex-linked inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes |
| Mutation | A radical chemical change in one or more alleles |
| Change in chromosome structure | a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis |
| Change in chromosome number | abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete |
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samundoacademy
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