Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 3
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary - Garcia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | A process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds. |
| Enzyme | A protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
| Enzyme-mediated | In an enzyme-mediated reaction, an enzyme binds to reactants (substrates) to form an enzyme-substrate complex, which breaks down to release products and the enzyme. |
| Substrate | The reactant on which an enzyme works. |
| Activation Energy | The minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction. |
| Catalysis | The process by which a substance speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed or altered in the process. |
| Catalysts | A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |
| Competitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics. |
| Denaturation | In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix. |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate. |
| pH | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to –log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14. |
| Cyanobacteria | Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae). |
| NADPH/NADP+ | NADPH is the reduced form of NADP+: An acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions. |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | Also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. |
| Aerobic | Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen. |
| Anaerobic | Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it. |
| Cellular Respiration | The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. |
| Coenzyme | An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions. |
| Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm. |
| Electrochemical Gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential. |
| Electron | A subatomic particle with a single negative charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. |
| Electron Acceptor | A chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. It is an oxidizing agent that, by virtue of its accepting electrons, is itself reduced in the process. |
| Electron Carrier | Sometimes called electron shuttles, are small organic molecules that readily cycle between oxidized and reduced forms and are used to transport electrons during metabolic reactions. |
| Endothermic | Referring to organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment. |
| Fermentation | A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. |
| Glycolysis | The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration. |
| Inorganic Chemistry | Inorganic chemistry is concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds. |
| Lactic Acid | A colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise. |
| NADH/NAD+ | The reduced form of nicotinamide that is one of the products of glycolysis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism. |
| Organic Chemistry | The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds). |
| Oxidation | The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction. |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain. |
| Photophosphorylation | The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis. |
| Proton | A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Pyruvate | The end product of glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl coA that enters the Krebs cycle when there is sufficient oxygen available. |
| Stimuli | A detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment. |
Created by:
Nataly Garcia
Popular Biology sets