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Unit 3
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary-Magdaleno
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical reaction | the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter |
| enzyme | a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction. (most are enzymes) |
| enzyme-mediated | when an enzyme binds to substrates to form an enzyme-substrate complex |
| susbtrate | a reactant on which an enzyme works |
| Activation Energy | the amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction, will start also called free energy of activation |
| Catalysts | a chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
| Competitive Inhibition | a substance that reduces the activity if an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics. |
| Denaturation | in proteins, a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions, thereby becoming biologically inactive. Caused by pH, salinity, or temp |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote of the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme making it so that the enzyme is no longer functional |
| pH | a measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log H+ and ranging in value from 0-14 |
| Cyanobateria | are microscopic organisms found naturally in all types of water (blue green algae) |
| NADPH/NADP+ | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron acceptor that, as NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during light reactions. |
| Adenosine Diphosphate | organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells |
| Aerobic | using oxygen |
| Anaerobic | no oxygen |
| Cellular Repirations | the catabolic pathways of aerobic and anerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use electron transport chain for the production of ATP |
| Coenzyme | an organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in metabloic reactions. |
| Cytosol | the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Electrochemical Gradient | the diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential |
| Electron | a stable particle with a negative electricity |
| Electron Acceptor | a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred from another compound |
| Electron Carrier | Any of various molecules that are capable of accepting one or two electrons from one molecule and donating them to another in the process of electron transport. |
| Endothermic | referring to organisms that are warmed by heat generated by their own metabolism. |
| Fermentation | a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an ETC and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| Glycolysis | a series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate |
| Inorganic Chemistry | synthesis and behavior of inorganic molecules |
| Lactic Acid | glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of CO2 |
| NADH/NAD+ | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron acceptor, that as NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions |
| Organic Chemistry | the study of carbon compounds |
| Oxidation | the complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance invloved in redox reactions |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | the production of ATP using enrgy derived from the redox reactions of an ETC |
| Photophosphorylation | of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunligh |
| Proton | a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge |
| Pyruvate | formed during glyoclysis |
| Stimuli | in feedback regulation, a fluctuation in a variable that triggers a response |
Created by:
KassidyM
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