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Jessica McKay
Anatomy (Wks 1-6)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Science of the STRUCTURE of an organism and the relationship of its parts. |
| Physiology | Science of the FUNCTIONS of organisms. |
| FOUR Major Tissue Types | Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue |
| Tissue | An organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function. |
| Organ | An organization of several different kinds of tissues to perform a specialized function. |
| Systems | Most complex organizational units of the body. |
| Microbiome | Set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhibit the human body. |
| The knee is ______________to the foot | Proximal |
| Another name for FRONTAL PLANE | Coronal Plane |
| Two Major Divisions of the Body | Axial and Appendicular |
| What is located in the DORSAL Cavity? | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Organs of the RUQ | Liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, R kidney, pancreas, R adrenal glands. |
| Organs of the RLQ | Appendix, reproductive organs, R ureter. |
| Organs of the LUQ | Liver, stomach, pancreas, L kidney, spleen, L adrenal glands. |
| Organs of the LLQ | L ureter, reproductive organs. |
| Medullary | INNER portion of an organ. |
| Cortical | OUTER region of an organ. |
| Characteristics of Human Life (9) | Growth, Responsiveness, Reproduction, Conductivity, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Circulation. |
| Distal | Furthest from the trunk of the body. |
| Proximal | Nearest to the trunk of the body. |
| Two major CAVITIES of the Body? | Ventral and Dorsal |
| Cells | Smallest living units of structure & function. |
| Blood Production if a Function of which System? | Skeletal System |
| Organelles | "Little Organs" ie: Mitochondria, Golgi, SER, RER. |
| Ionic Bonds | Formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| Synthesis Reaction | Requires Energy - Brings reactants together. |
| Atoms are stable with _________ outer shell electrons? | 8 |
| NOT a Subatomic Particle? | Radon |
| Acids, Bases, & Salts belong to a large group of? | Electrolytes |
| Octet Rule | Atoms with less than 8 electrons in their outermost shell will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms. |
| Sodium from Neutral to Positive Ion it must? | Lose an electron. |
| Covalent Bonds | Bonds formed by the SHARING of electrons |
| Hydrolysis | H20 molecule is ADDED to break a larger compound into smaller subunits. |
| Metabolism | All chemical reactions that occur in the body cells |
| POLAR Molecule | Has an unequal charge - can form a hydrogen bond |
| Water is? | Polar. It has an uneven charge. |
| Carbon | Most abundant element essential to life. |
| Hydrogen Bonds | Form as a result of unequal charge distribution on a molecule. AKA Polar molecules. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in the cells nucleus. |
| Isotope | Element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. |
| pH | The concentration of Hydrogen atoms in a solution. |
| As the Concentration of Hydrogen ions INCREASE, the pH goes__________, and the solution becomes more__________? | Down; Acidic |
| OH- (Hydroxide ions) increases the: | Solution becomes more basic and the pH rises. |
| Weak Acid: | Dissociates very LITTLE in solution. |
| Which Subatomic Particles carry a Charge? | Protons & Electrons |
| Cations | POS Charge |
| Anions | NEG Charge |
| # of Neutrons in a Nucleus equals the Number of? | Protons in its nucleus. |
| Acids | Release Hydrogen ions into a solution. |
| Microtubules | Largest in diameter located in the cytoskeleton |
| Centriole | NOT a cytoskeleton element. |
| Plasma Membrane | Serves as the boundary of the cell. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Synthesizes Proteins; continuous with the nuclear envelope. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | Synthesizes Lipids |
| Golgi | Packaging and Shipping of glycoproteins; has a cis and a trans face. |
| Vesicles | Used for transport in and out of the cell. |
| Lysosomes | Break down defective cell parts - the garbage men of the cell. |
| Peroxisomes | Enzymes! Used for digestion. |
| Mitochondria | "Power Plant" of the cell. ATP production; folded membranes; double membrane. |
| Nucleus | Houses the genetic code (DNA). |
| Ribosomes | Site of Protein Synthesis - Located on the ER. Float in the cytoplasm. |
| Centrosome | Assist in forming and organizing microtubules. |
| Nucleolus | Site of the formation of ribosome subunits. |
| Hypodermis | UNDER the Dermis - Forms the connection between the skin and underlying structures of the body. |
| Mucus | Lubricating substance produced by goblet cells. |
| Extracellular Matrix | Fluid environment that fills the spaces BETWEEN the cells. |
| Collagen | Most abundant protein compound in the body. |
| Osteocytes | Cell located in the lacuna of the bone - derived from osteoblasts. |
| Osteoblasts | Bone forming cells. |
| Osteoclasts | Bone absorbing/destroying cells. |
| Primary Germ Layers | Endoderm, Ectoderm, Mesoderm. |
| Cuboidal Epithelium | cube-shaped cells - lines the kidney tubules. |
| Fibrocartilage | Strongest and most durable cartilage. |
| TWO main layers that compose the skin: | Dermis & Epidermis |
| Stratum Corneum: | Most SUPERFICIAL layer of the Epidermis |
| Cardiac Muscle: | Contains intercalated disks. |
| Basement Membrane: | Union of the basal and fibroreticular laminae. |
| Synovial Membranes | Connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints. |
| Dermis is composed of TWO layers: | Thin: papillary layer; Thick: reticular layer. |
| Adipose Tissue: | Storage tissue. |
| Dermoepidermal Junction | Glues the epidermis and the dermis together |
| THREE kinds of Microscopic Glands: | Sweat, sebaceous, & ceruminous. |
| Neuron | Conducting unit of the nerve tissue. |
| Melanin | Basic determinant of skin color. |
| Cerumen | Brown waxy substance formed by the mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands. |
| Connective Tissue | Most abundant and widespread tissue in the body. |
| Glands are categorized as: | Exocrine or Endocrine |
| Serous Membrane | Pleura, Peritoneum, Pericardium |
| Periosteum | Dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone, except at the joint surfaces. |
| Mandible | Articulates with the temporal bone and only movable joint of the skull. |
| Hyroid | Only bone in the body that articulates with NO other bones. |
| Lacrimal | Very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone. |
| Zygomatic Bone(s) | Facial bone - "Cheek bones." |
| Thumb Metacarpal | Most freely moveable joint with the carpal bones |
| Types of Bones: | Flat, Irregular, Short, Long, Sesamoid |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of the bone. |
| Epiphyses | Proximal and Distal ends of a long bone. |
| Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bones. |
| Medullary Cavity | Tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis of a long bone: Marrow cavity - Filled with yellow marrow. |
| Endosteum | Thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones. |
| Bone Tissue | Osseous Tissue |
| Bone Matrix Subdivided into TWO chemical Compounds: | Inorganic Salts and Organic Matrix |
| Osteons (haversian systems) | Cylinder-shaped structural units. Component of compact bone. Mature bone. |
| Central Canal | Osteons surround each central canal - runs lengthwise through the bone: delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products. |
| Lacunae | Small spaced in the bone matrix that contain tissue fluid. |
| Canaliculi | Ultra small canals that run in all directions from the lacunae and link to central canals. |
| Transverse Canals (Volkmann Canals) | Parallel canals that carry blood and lymph from the exterior surface of the bone to the osteons. |
| Which bones compose the WRIST? | Carpals |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Most common type of cartilage. |
| Myeloid Tissue | Bone marrow - soft connective tissue |
| Floating Ribs: | Do not attach indirectly to the sternum. |
| Fibula | Smaller, lateral bone in the lower leg. |
| Fontanels | Unique to the fetal skull - provides additional space or molding the head during childbirth. |
| Structures that hold the Foot Bones firmly in their ARCHED positions? | Ligaments and Tendons |
| Spongy Bone | Open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. |
| Vertbral bones that support the smaller (lower section) of the back are: | Lumbar Vertebrae |
| Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate? | Palatine |
| Longest and Heaviest Bone in the Body? | Femur |
| Largest Sesamoid Bone in the Body? | Patella. |
| Orbicularis Oris | Circular shaped muscle; facial expression muscle; Around the lips. |
| Convergent Shape (Muscle Shapes) | ie: Pectoralis Major & Latissimus dorsi; Triangular shaped muscle. |
| Unipennate Shape (Muscle Shapes) | A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon. ie: flexor pollicis longus. |
| Parallel Shape (Muscle Shapes) | Long strap like muscles with parallel fascicles. ie: rectus abdominis. & Sartorius muscle. |
| Linea Alba | "white line" - runs vertically down the midline of the abdomen. |
| Calcaneal Tendon | Common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus in the lower leg. |
| Term used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement: | Agonist |
| Origin | Point of muscle attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts. |
| Serratus Anterior | Muscle that holds the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue membrane that covers individual muscle fibers. |
| Continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle: | Tone |
| Fascia | Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon. |
| Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be: | Extrinsic or Intrinsic |
| Innermost muscle of the abdominal wall: | Transverse Abdominis |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sides is categorized as: | Bipennate |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as: | Unipennate |
| The muscle assisting in rotating the arm outward is the: | Teres Minor |
| A muscle in the head sometimes called the "prayer muscle" | Sternocleidomastoid |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: | posterior thigh |
| The prime mover can also be called the: | Agonist |
| Muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders (shrugs) is the: | Trapezius |
| Fulcrum | The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots. |
| Posterior Muscles that act on the Shoulder Girdle: | Trapezius, Pectoralis Minor, Levator Scapulae |
| Extrinsic | "from the outside" |
| Intrinsic | "from within" |
| Flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: | Anterior medial surface of the forearm. |
| Muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: | Opponens Pollicis |
| Muscles that move the UPPER arm ORIGINATE on the: | clavicle and scapula |
| Latissimus Dorsi muscle is an example of a ____________muscle? | Spiral |
| Soleus muscle is an example of a ___________muscle? | Fusiform |
| Superficial to Deep, the connective tissue components are: | Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: | Endomysium |
| Muscle that assists with mastication is the: | Masseter |
| Teres major and teres minor muscles move the: | Arm |
| Muscles located on the lower leg move the: | Foot |
| Muscles of the Quadriceps Femoris Group: (4) | Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius - Flex the thigh and extend the leg. |
| Posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: | triceps brachii |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately _______of our body weight? | 50% |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a _________ -class lever. | Third |
| Muscles of the Rotator Cuff: | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor |
| Muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: | Perimysium |
| Muscle that is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? | Pectoralis minor does NOT act on the shoulder girdle. |
| Soleus muscle is an example of a ________ muscle: | Pennate |
Created by:
JMcKay86
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