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Unit 3
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary- Silim
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | Process where the rearrangement of molecules happen |
| Enzyme | Acts as a catalyst for a specific reaction between substances |
| Enzyme-mediated | Enzyme binds to substrate, making enzyme-substrate complex, and breaking them down to products |
| Substrate | What goes into the active sites of enzymes, and leads to products |
| Activation Energy | The amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to start |
| Catalysis | Acceleration of a chemical reaction |
| Catalysts | Helps chemical reaction start faster, by reducing activation energy |
| Competitive Inhibition | When an inhibitor directly competes for the active site |
| Denaturation | Process where proteins lose their shape, which makes them lose their function |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | When an inhibitor attaches to an enzyme, but not the active site, and changes the shape of the enzyme |
| pH | The acidity or basicity of a aqueous solution |
| Cyanobacteria | Prokaryotic bacteria, that is able to perform photosynthesis |
| NADPH/NADP+ | High energy electron carrier, NAD+ picks up electron from glycolysis and becomes NADH |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | has two phosphate groups, when ATP releases energy it turns into ADP |
| Aerobic | Producing energy with oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Break down of glucose without oxygen, producing energy without oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | Metabolic reactions where cells convert molecules into ATP, how organisms like us gain energy |
| Coenzyme | Organic molecule that is a cofactor, helps enzyme catalyze. |
| Cytosol | aqueous part of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles |
| Electrochemical Gradient | Proton gradient, used to help synthesize ATP |
| Electron | Subatomic particle, give energy |
| Electron Acceptor | Accepts electrons and passes it to other compounds, oxygen is the last one in cellular respiration |
| Electron Carrier | NAD+ and FAD, accept electrons and donate them |
| Endothermic | Take in energy, or absorption of heat |
| Fermentation | Degradation of sugars or other molecules without oxygen |
| Glycolysis | The process to break down glucose |
| Inorganic Chemistry | The studying of inorganic(not life) compounds and behavior of them |
| Lactic Acid | Byproduct of fermentation, caused by break down of carbohydrates when oxygen is low |
| NADH/NAD+ | High electron carrier that delivers electron to ETC |
| Organic Chemistry | Studies of properties and reactions of organic compounds, compounds that contain carbon |
| Oxidation | process where molecules have a loss of electrons or gain oxygen |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | Uses the ETC as energy to start, metabolic pathway where cell oxidize nutrients, releasing energy for ATP |
| Photophosphorylation | Process of photosynthesis, solar energy used to create ATP from ADP |
| Proton | High energy electron |
| Pyruvate | The product of glycolysis, when glucose breaks |
| Stimuli | Something that rouses or starts activity |
Created by:
melonhokage
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