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Unit 3
AP Biology/ Unit 2 Vocabulary- Gonzalez G.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy |
| Enzyme | A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Enzyme-mediated | mediated |
| Substrate | the reactant on which an enzyme works |
| Activation Energy | The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation |
| Catalysis | Catalysis |
| Catalysts | A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Competitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics. |
| Denaturation | A process in which a protein loses its native shape sue to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote form the active site, changing the enzyme's shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product comp |
| pH | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value form 0 to 14 |
| Cyanobacteria | Bacteria |
| NADPH/NADP+ | An electron acceptor that, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | ADP |
| Aerobic | Aerobic |
| Anaerobic | Anaerobic |
| Cellular Respiration | The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP |
| Coenzyme | Coenzyme |
| Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Electrochemical Gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential |
| Electron | A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron Acceptor | Acceptor |
| Electron Carrier | Carrier |
| Endothermic | Referring to organisms that are warmed by generated by their own metabloism. This heat usually maintains a relatively stable body temperature high than the external environment |
| Fermentation | A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and the produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| Glycolysis | A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs in almost all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration |
| Inorganic Chemistry | Inorganic |
| Lactic Acid | Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide |
| NADH/NAD+ | A coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized and reduced states, thus acting as an electron carrier |
| Organic Chemistry | The study of carbon compounds |
| Oxidation | The complete or partial loss of electrons form a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | The production of ATP using energy derived form the redox reaction of an electron transport chain, the third major stage of cellular respiration |
| Photophosphorylation | A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output |
| Proton | A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Pyruvate | pyruvate |
| Stimuli | stimuli |
Created by:
genavi27
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