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Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 cyclic phases of pulmonary ventilation | Inspiration and Expiration; process of breathing |
| 3 ways that CO2 transports in blood | 7% dissolves in plasma ; 23% binds to hemoglobin as HbCO2 carbaminohemoglobin; 70% as HCO3- |
| 2 conditions that Hypoventilation causes | Hypoxia and Hypercapnia |
| The openings between the Alveoli are called that connect them together | Alveoli Pores |
| On the right lung the Horizontal Fissure separates what 2 lobes | Superior and Middle |
| The Oblique Fissure separates what 2 lobes on the right lung | Middle and Inferior |
| Oblique Fissure separates what 2 lobes on the Left lung | The only 2 ; Superior and Inferior |
| Term for the breathing rate that exceeds the bodies demand for Oxygen | Hyperventilation |
| The Dorsal Respiration Group (DRG) activates during which ventilation process | Forced Inhalation and Normal Inhalation |
| Hypoxia | Oxygen levels decrease due to hypoventilation or Emphasema |
| Hypercapnia | CO2 rises to high from Hypoventilation |
| What anatomic structures does the Autonomic NS control in the respiratory system | Trachea, Lungs, Bronchial tree, and Larynx |
| Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs in what | Pulmonary Vein |
| Oxygenated blood leaving the lungs in the Pulmonary Veins travels to what part of the Heart | Left Atrium |
| Hypoventilation | Not enough oxygen getting to the lungs |
| Hypopnea | Breathing too Shallow; a form of hypoventilation |
| Bradypnea | Breathing Rate lower than normal; a form of hypoventilation |
| Tachypnea | Breathing Rate Higher than normal; a form of hyperventilation |
| Hyperpnea | Breathing deeper than normal ; usually due to exercise ; a form of hyperventilation |
| Partial Pressures of Systemic Cells at rest are | Po2 = 40 mmHg and Pco2 = 45 mmHg |
| 4 substances found in the Mucus of the respiratory tract | Defensins, Mucin, Lysozyme, and Immunoglobulins |
| Term for a puncture to the Pleural space that allows air into the pleural cavity | Pneumothorax |
| Term for the greatest amount of air going in and out of the lungs in 1 minute | Maximum Voluntary Ventilation |
| Tonsils of the Oropharynx | Palatine , Lingual , Oropharynx tonsils |
| 4 layers of the Trachea from the Lumen out | Mucosa, Submucosa, Tracheal Cartilages, Adventitia |
| Conductive Zone | Nose to the Terminal Bronchiole; Air Transport |
| Respiratory Zone | Respiratory Bronchiole to the Alveoli ; Gas Exchange |
| Runny Nose is | Rhinorrhea |
| 3 regions of the Pharynx | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
| Tonsils of the Nasopharynx are | Tubal, Pharyngeal tonsils |
| Epiglottis is made of what | Elastic cartilage, all other larynx cartilage is Hyaline |
| What connects the Tracheal Cartilages together | Anular Ligaments |
| From the Trachea list the regions of the Bronchial Tree | Main Bronchi, Lobar Bronchi, Segmental Bronchi, Terminal Bronchiole, Respiratory Bronchiole, Alveolar Duct, Alveolar Sac, and the Alveoli |
| Pulmonary Veins carry what where | Carry Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart |
| Pulmonary Arteries carry what where | Carry DeOxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs |
| Pulmonary Veins go to what part of the heart | Left Atrium |
| Pleurisy | Pleural Membrane Inflamation |
| Pleural Effusion | Excess fluid in the Pleural Cavity |
| Atelectasis | Collapsed Lung from air in the Interpleural cavity |
| The 4 processes of gas exchange | Pulmonary ventilation, Alveolar gas exchange, Gas transport, Systemic gas exchange |
| Eupnea | Quiet Breathing |
| Down the pressure gradient means | Air flows from High Pressure to Low Pressure |
| Chemoreceptors monitor what substances | Hydrogen, Pco2, Po2 |
| Central Chemoreceptors in the Medulla monitor what | PH in the CSF cause by changes in Pco2 |
| Peripheral Chemoreceptors in Aortic and Carotid Arteries are stimulated by what | Hydrogen and Respiratory Gases in the Blood |
| Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) in quiet breathing | VRG sends signals for Inspiration and Inhibits Expiration |
| Pontine Respiratory Centers are responsible for what | Smooth and controlled breathing |
| Apnea | Absence of breathing |
| CSF and proteins | CSF does not have any proteins to buffer for PH changes ; CSF is continuously being changed by Lymph |
| The most important partial pressure in breathing rate | Pco2 |
| 2 Factors that regulate airflow | Pressure gradient and Restrictions or Obstructions |
| Calculation of Alveolar Ventilation | TV minus Anatomic Dead Space multiplied by respiratory rate |
| Physiological Dead Space is | Anatomical dead space added to the loss of any Alveoli |
| Anatomical Dead Space is | Air that is not used as Respiratory gas exchange |
| HHb is what | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| HbO2 | Oxyhemoglobin |
| 3 substances that are transported by Hemoglobin | Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen |
| Hypoxemia | Blood oxygen too low |
| Hypoxia | Low oxygen levels in tissues |
| Location of the Choana | Pharynx; is the opening to the pharynx from the nasal cavity. |
Created by:
scones and joe
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