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Rocks and Minerals

Introduction to rocks and minerals vocabulary

TermDefinition
Mineral a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
Rock A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
Igneous rock formed from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentary A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
Metamorphic A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
Magma Molten rock beneath the earth's surface
Lava Magma that reaches Earth's surface
Rock Cycle A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Weathering The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
Intrusive a type of ingneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface.
Extrusive fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface
Foliated the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands
Non-foliated Term used to describe metamorphic rocks with grains that arranged randomly and do not split in layers.
Compaction the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight
Cementation The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass.
Erosion The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
Created by: mtucker17
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