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Pharm Module 1-6
Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | Study of Medicine, discipline how drugs improve our health |
| Drug | Chemical agent producing biological response in body |
| Medication | Drug that is medically therapeutic |
| Biologics | Agents naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms,or the Body |
| NHP | Natural Health Products Complimentary health therapies |
| Complimentary AlternativeTherapies | Include hypnosis, acupunture, massage |
| Pharmacotherapy | Treatment or prevention of disease by means of drugs |
| HPFB | Health Products Food Branch Regulatory system to mange risk/ benefits for health products |
| NDS | New Drug Submission must be submitted before Drug can proceed to next stage of approval process |
| NOC | Notice of Compliance is issued upon Health Canada Approval |
| DIN | Drug Identification Number |
| Formulary | List of Drugs available for prescribing |
| Generic Drug | Non propriety name of drug assigned by the government |
| Special Access Program SAP | Canadian program that provides for drugs that are not generally available under certain conditions |
| Indications | Medical conditions for which a drug is approved |
| Therapeutic Classification | Method for organizing drugs on the basis of their clinical usefulness |
| Pharmacological Classification | Method for organizing drugs on the basis of their mechanism of Action (How the drug Acts) |
| Mechanism of Action | How a drug exerts it's Effect |
| Prototype Drug | Well understood Drug Model to which other drugs in a pharmacological class can be be compared |
| Chemical Names | Strict Chemical nomenclature used for naming drugs Only 1 Chemical Name |
| Trade Name | Name of drug assigned by manufacturer/ Brand Name/ product Name |
| Combination Drugs | Drug product with more than 1 generic ingredient |
| Bioavailability | Ability for the Drug to reach the bloo stream and it's target tissues |
| Dependence | Strong physiological or psychological need for a substance |
| Controlled Substance | Drug subject to Schedule G Part III of Canada Food and Drugs Act |
| Narcotic | Natural or synthetic drug related to morphine Illegal drug |
| Medication Reconciliation | Process to keep of Patient medications as they move between healthcare providers |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of drug movement throughout the body How drugs are handled by the body |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to area of lower concentration / Passive transport |
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration/electrochemical gradient |
| Absorption | Process of moving a drug across body membranes/ from site of administration to circulating fluids |
| Onset of Action | Time it takes a drug to produce its effect |
| Higher Absorption Rates | Produce a more effective response |
| Extended Release | High amount of drug to be released over extended period of time |
| SR | Sustained releaseTablets/Capsules designed to dissolve slowly over an extended time |
| Enteric Coated | Hard/Waxy coating designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment in the Small Intestine |
| Orally disintegrating tablets | If swallowing is a problem these tablet can dissolve SL Good for mentally impaired |
| Distribution | Process of transporting drugs throughout the body |
| Affinity | Chemical attraction that impels certain molecules to unite with others to form complexes |
| Drug-Protein Complex | Drug bound to reversible protein, Albumin which makes it unavailable for distribution to body tissues |
| BBB | Blood Brain Barrier Anatomical structure that prevents certain substances from accessing the Brain |
| Fetal Placenta Barrier | Anatomical structure that inhibits many chemicals/drugs from entering the placenta |
| Metabolism | Total of all biochemical reactions in the body Chemical conversion of drug for excretion |
| Conjugate | Side chain, during metabolism that makes drugs more water soluble / easier for kidneys to excrete |
| Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme System | Pharmacotherapy / Liver enzymes that inactivate drug and speed up their excretion |
| Excretion | Process of removing substances from the body |
| Therapeutic Range | Dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effect |
| TOXIC Concentration | Level of drug that will result in serious adverse effect |
| Side Effects | Predictable drug effects that are less serious than adverse effects May occur at Therapeutic doses |
| Adverse Effect | Undesirable/potentially harmful action caused my medication administration |
| Minimum Effect Concentration | Amount of drug required to produce therapeutic effect |
| Frequency Distribution Curve | Graph representation of inter-individual variability in response to drugs |
| Therapeutic Index | Ratio of a drugs median Lethal Dose /LD to its median Effective Dose/ED |
| Intrinsic Activity | Drugs that bind to a receptor and produce a strong action |
| Efficacy | Ability of a drug to produce a desired response |
| Agonist | Drug that can bind with receptors to induce a cellular response |
| Antagonist | Drugs that block the response of another drug |
| Adrenergic | Relating to Nerves that release Norepinephrine or Epinephrine |
| Adrenergic Agonist | Agents that activate adrenergic receptors in the SNS ; aka Sympathomimetics |
| Adrenergic Antagonist | Drug that blocks the actions of the SNS |
| Adrenergics | Relating to nerves that release epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Cholinergic | Relating to nerves that release Acetylcholine |
| Cholinergic Agonist | Drug/Chemical that increase the action Acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors aka Parasympathomimetics |
| Cholinergics | Drugs that stimulate cholinergic receptors in the PSN |
| Muscarinic | Type of cholinergic receptor found in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
| Muscarinic Agonist | Drug that is selective for muscarinic receptors |
| Muscarinic Antagonist | Drugs that block receptors at cholinergic synapses in the PSN AND a few target organs in the SNS |
| Alpha Receptor | Type of subreceptor found in the SNS 1 Heart= Alpha 1/Constricts / 2 Lungs=Alpha 2 |
| Alpha- Adrenergic Agonist | Drugs that block alpha-adrenergic receptor sites in the SNS |
| Beta Receptor | Type of subreceptor found in the SNS |
| Beta -Adrenergic Antagonist Beta Blockers | Drugs that block beta -adrenergic receptors May be selective or non selective aka Beta Blockers |
| Physical Dependence | Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when substance discontinued |
| Psychological Dependence | Intense craving for a drug that drives people to continue drug abuse |
| Additive | Drug interaction in which 2 agents combine to provide a summation response |
| Synergistic | Drug interaction in which 2 drugs produce an effect greater than would be expected from adding 2 individual drug responses |
| Antagonistic Effect | Drug interaction in which adding a second drug results in a diminished pharmacological response |
| High Alert | drugs that have a high risk for causing significant harm to the client when used in error |
| Hazardous Medication | Genotoxicity, Carcinogenicity,Teratogenicity, Fertility impairment or reproductive toxicity, Serious organ toxicity at low doses in humans or animal models Chemical structure and toxicity profile that mimic existing drugs determined to be hazardous |
| Pharmacology | Study of medicine, discipline pertaining to how drugs improve our health |
| Prodrug | Drug that becomes more active after it's metabolized |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of how body responds to drug |
| Vitamins | Organic compounds required by the body in small amounts to maintain homeostasis |
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MountainNurse
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