Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 3
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter |
| Enzyme | a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction (most are proteins) |
| Enzyme-mediated | an enzyme binds to reactants (substrates) to form an enzyme-substrate complex, which breaks down to release products and the enzyme |
| Substrate | the reactant on which enzymes work |
| Activation Energy | the amount of energy reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start (free energy) |
| Catalysis | a modification and especially increase in the rate of a chemical reaction induced by material unchanged chemically at the end of the reaction |
| Catalysts | a chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Competitive Inhibition | a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate (mimics structure) |
| Denaturation | process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions (inactive) (pH, temp, and salt concentration) |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzymes shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product. |
| pH | measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14 |
| Cyanobacteria | a division of microorganisms that are related to the bacteria but are capable of photosynthesis, and are prokaryotic and represent the earliest known form of life on the earth |
| NADPH/NADP+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron acceptor that as NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells |
| Aerobic | catabolic pathway for organic molecules for organic molecules, using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and produces ATP |
| Anaerobic | catabolic pathway in which inorganic molecules other than oxygen accept electrons at the "down-hill" end of electron transport chains |
| Cellular Respiration | catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP |
| Coenzyme | an organic molecule serving as a cofactor (ex, vitamins) |
| Cytosol | semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Electrochemical Gradient | diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of ions across a membrane and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential |
| Electron | subatomic particle with a single negative charge (one or more around nucleus) |
| Electron Acceptor | chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound |
| Electron Carrier | any of various molecules that are capable of accepting one or two electrons from one molecule and donating them to another in the process of electron transport |
| Endothermic | organisms that are warmed by heat generated by their own metabolism ( higher temp. than external environment) |
| Fermentation | catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product (ex. lactic acid) |
| Glycolysis | series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate (starting part of fermentation) |
| Inorganic Chemistry | the study of the chemistry of materials from non-biological origins (metal, salt, etc) |
| Lactic Acid | a chemical byproduct of anaerobic respiration — the process by which cells produce energy without oxygen around |
| NADH/NAD+ | contributes to oxidation in cell processes like glycolysis |
| Organic Chemistry | study of carbon compounds (organic compounds) |
| Oxidation | the complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electro transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration |
| Photophosphorylation | process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis, using a proton-motive force generate across thylakoid membrane |
| Proton | subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 x 10-24g (found in nucleus) |
| Pyruvate | the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis |
| Stimuli | a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment |
Created by:
memobarcenas
Popular Biology sets