Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 3
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary - Rebancos
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter |
| Enzyme | A macromolecule serving as a catlyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most of these are proteins |
| Enzyme-mediated | In this reaction, an enzyme binds to reactants (substrates) to form an enzyme-substrate complex, which breaks down to release products and the enzyme. |
| Substrate | The reactant on which an enzyme works |
| Activation Energy | The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation |
| Catalysis | the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. |
| Catalysts | A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Competitive Inhibition | A substrate that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics |
| Denaturation | In proteins, a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions, thereby becoming biologically inactive. It occurs under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration, or temperature |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzyme's shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product |
| pH | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14 |
| Cyanobacteria | A bacteria that is aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live in the water, and can manufacture their own food |
| NADPH/NADP+ | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during light reactions. |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | Is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. |
| Aerobic | A catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP. It is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells |
| Anaerobic | A catabolic pathway in which inorganic molecules other than oxygen accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains |
| Cellular Respiration | The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP |
| Coenzyme | An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. |
| Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Electrochemical Gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force) and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force) |
| Electron | A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a ass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. On or more of these particles move around the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron Acceptor | is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. It is an oxidizing agent that, by virtue of its accepting electrons, is itself reduced in the process. |
| Electron Carrier | Any of various molecules that are capable of accepting one or two electrons from one molecule and donating them to another in the process of electron transport. |
| Endothermic | Referring to organisms that are warmed by heat generated by their own metabolism. This heat usually maintains a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment |
| Fermentation | A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose (or other organic molecules) without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| Glycolysis | A series of reaction that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. It occurs in almost all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration. |
| Inorganic Chemisty | The study of inorganic compounds |
| Lactic Acid | The waste product of anaerobic respiration. When it comes to fermentation, it is glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide |
| NADH/NAD+ | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,a coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) states, thus acting as an electron carrier |
| Organic Chemistry | The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds) |
| Oxidation | The complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | The production of ATP using energyderived from the redox reaction of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration. |
| Photophosphorylation | The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis, using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during light reactions of photosynthesis. |
| Proton | A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 x 10^-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Pyruvate | It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of this, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways. |
| Stimuli | In feedback regulation, a fluctuation in a variable that triggers a response. |
Created by:
KatrinaRebancos
Popular Biology sets