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Unit 3
Ap biology unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to change in the composition of matter |
| Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Enzyme-mediated | reaction, an enzyme binds to reactants (substrates) to form an enzyme-substrate complex |
| Substrate | The reactant on which an enzyme works. |
| Activation Energy | The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start also called free energy. |
| Catalysis | the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. |
| Catalysts | A chemical agent that selectively increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| Competitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of a substance whose structure in mimics |
| Denaturation | In proteins a process in which a protein loses its native shpe due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions thereby becoming biologically inactive in DNA the separation of the two strands of the double helix. |
| Noncompetitive Inhibition | A substance that reduces that activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzyme shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product |
| pH | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log {H+} and raging in a value form 0 to 14 |
| Cyanobacteria | Cyanophyta, are a phylum of prokaryotes consisting of both free-living photosynthetic bacteria |
| NADPH/NADP+ | abbreviated NADP⁺ or, in older notation, TPN, is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. |
| Aerobic | involving, or requiring free oxygen. |
| Anaerobic | breaks down glucose in the body without using oxygen; anaerobic means “without oxygen”. |
| Cellular Respiration | The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain of the production of ATP |
| Coenzyme | An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzyme in metabolic reactions. |
| Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Electrochemical Gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane and the ions tendency to move relative to the membrane potential |
| Electron | subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity |
| Electron Acceptor | accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. |
| Electron Carrier | energy level decreases, and energy is released. |
| Endothermic | Referring to organisms that are warmed by eat generated by their own metabolism. This heat usually maintains a relatively stable body temperature higher that that of the external environment. |
| Fermentation | A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP form glucose without an electron transport chain and that produce a characteristic end product such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| Glycolysis | A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs in almost all living cells serving as the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration |
| Inorganic Chemistry | chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. |
| Lactic Acid | is an organic acid. It has a molecular formula CH₃CHCOOH. |
| NADH/NAD+ | is a cofactor central to metabolism. |
| Organic Chemistry | The study of carbon compounds(Organic compounds) |
| Oxidation | The complete or partial loss of electrons form a substance involved involved on a redox reactions |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain, the third major stage of cellular respiration |
| Photophosphorylation | A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP release carbon dioxide and decreases photosynthetic output. |
| Proton | `A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge with a mass of about 1.7*10-24g found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Pyruvate | acid is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. |
| Stimuli | a stimulus is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment. |
Created by:
JohnnyMadaleno22
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