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Unit 2
AP Biology Unit 2 Vocabulary-Sedano
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chloroplast | Found in plant cell and is used to undertake photosynthesis,by taking sunlight and water to make sugar |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Rough ER and Smooth Er; Rough ER synthesizes proteins and Smooth ER detoxifies |
| Golgi Complex | Takes newly formed proteins and lipids, changes them if necessary, and packages them to be sent to other parts of cell or outside of cell |
| Lysosome | Used to recycle,digest, and breakdown molecules in cell;incinerator of the cell |
| Membrane-Bound | Organelle the is covered by phospholipid bilayer |
| Mitochondrion | Produces ATP from oxygen and nutrients; the powerhouse of the cell |
| Organelles | Organs of cell;Ex:mitochondria |
| Ribosome | Synthesizes new proteins with help of mRNA and etc... |
| Vacuole | Used to store and transport material |
| ATP | Source of energy, produced by mitochondria |
| Apoptosis | Controlled cell death |
| ATP synthesis | Happens in mitochondria |
| Carbon Fixation -Cycle/Calvin-Benson Cycle | Light dependent reactions, photosynthesis, occurs in chloroplast |
| Chlorophyll | Used to absorb light and gives plants green color |
| Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle | Reaction where all organism that breathe air use to release stored energy |
| Electron Transport Chain | Transport of electrons with protein complexes, lots of reactions |
| Grana | Stack of Thlyakoids, in chloroplast |
| Intracellular Transport | Movement of material; vesicles and etc... |
| Light-Dependent Reactions | Takes place in chloroplast, needs light |
| Photosynthesis | Process in which sunlight, Co2, nutrients, and water are turned into sugars |
| Photosystems | Helps with photosynthesis reaction, absorption and transfer of light energy |
| Stroma | Fluid inside chloroplast |
| thylakoid | One part of Grana, also where light reactions occur |
| Turgor Pressure | The natural state of plant cells, where water pushes against cell walls and cell walls push back |
| Membrane Exchange | Membrane exchanging materials like proteins |
| Plasma Membrane | The wall that protects cells against the outside |
| Surface Area to Volume Ratio | Measures how efficient cells are |
| Aqueous | Water/Liquid |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | Diagram of the phospholipid bilayer |
| Glycolipid | Lipid with carbohydrate attached, helps with cell-cell recognition |
| Glycoprotein | Protein with carbohydrate attached, helps with binding to other molecules and cell to cell recognition |
| Steroid | Act as signalling molecules with cell-cell communication, helps decrease membrane fluidity(cholesterol) |
| cell Wall | Protects plant cells from outside. also helps with Turgor Pressure |
| Channel Protein | Helps facilitate diffusion with polar molecules that are hydrophillic |
| Selective Permeability | Property of membrane that chooses what can go in and outside the cell |
| Transport Protein | What moves molecules/material across the cell membrane |
| Active Transport | Where a molecule is moved against it's concentration gradient, this requires energy |
| Concentration Gradient | The direction in which molecules go, from High Concentration Area to Low Concentration Area |
| Endocytosis | Materials being brought into cell by turning membrane into new vesicles |
| Exocytosis | The process in which material is ejected out of the cell |
| Passive Transport | Movement of material without energy, diffusion and facilitated diffusion |
| Vesicle | An organelle which transports material |
| ATp Synthase Enzyme | Creates ATP by using ADP and phosphate |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Where transport proteins help polar molecules cross membrane;passive transport |
| Ion | A molecule with a charge thanks to the loss of addition of electrons |
| Polarization | The electronegativity of a molecule |
| ATPase Enzyme | ATP is produced by the enzyme ATP sythase, by converting ADP and phosphate ATP |
| Homeostasis | Healthy state of balance, cycle is functioning correctly |
| Hypertonic | In a state where water is going out of the cell but no going in, plasmolysis in plant cells |
| Hypotonic | A state in which water is going in and pressure builds leading to Turgor Pressure which is natural in plant cells |
| Isotonic | A state in which water is entering and leaving cell at constant rate, in other words nothing is pushing |
| Osmoregulation | Control of solute concentration and water balance |
| Osmosis | How water moves through membranes, moves from lower to higher until everything is equal |
| Solute | Substance dissolved by solvent |
| Solvent | Substance that dissolves the solute |
| Tonicity | State of solution(ie.Hypertonic) |
| Water Potential | The waters potential to enter and leave a solution, 0 most pure |
| Compartmentalization | How all organelles work in separate areas of the cell, transferring materials to the next |
| Eukaryotic | Cells that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Intracellular | Occurring inside the cell |
| Endosymbiotic | Our ancestor cells ate bacteria which were mitochondria ancestors and became part of our cells |
| Prokaryotic | A single cell organism which has no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles |
Created by:
Hector23
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