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Biology STAAR- Cat.1
Biology STAAR Vocabulary Category 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of life |
| Eukaryotic | Having a true nucleus |
| Organelle | Different structures that enable cells to live, grow and reproduce. |
| Prokaryotic | Having no nucleus |
| Cell Membrane | Protective covering surrounding a cell. |
| Cytoplasm | The gel-like substance inside the cell that contains all the organelles except the nucleus. |
| Nuclear envelope | A double -layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus. |
| Nucleolus | The part of the nucleus that stores the DNA. |
| Nucleus | The control center of the cell. |
| Ribosome | Assembles proteins. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Processes and transports materials throughout the cell. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Temporarily stores, packages, and transports materials. |
| Vacuole | Stores materials (water, proteins, waste) |
| Mitochondrion | Converts glucose to useful form of energy. |
| Chloroplast | Convert sunlight energy into glucose. |
| Lysosome | Cleans up and destroys wastes and unwanted materials through enzymes. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. |
| Phospholipid | A molecule that contains fatty acids and a phosphate group; it allows for selective permeability |
| Selected Permeability | A characteristic of a cell membrane that enables on certain substances to enter the cell. |
| Cell cycle | The life span of a cell. |
| Chromosomes | Structures that contain the cell's DNA or genetic information. |
| Interphase | The first three phases of the cell cycle: G1, S, and G2. |
| Cell Cycle-Phase 1 (G1) first gap | Most of the cell's growth and activity occur here. |
| Cell Cycle-Phase 2 (S) Synthesis | The cell's chromosomes are duplicated |
| Cell Cycle-Phase 3 (G2) second gap | Growth and final preparation for cell division. |
| Cell Cycle - Phase 4 ( mitosis) | Cell division, called mitosis occurs. |
| Chromatid | One copy of a duplicated Chromosome |
| Chromatin | The loose strands of DNA found during interphase. |
| Cytokinesis | The process through which cytoplasm divides. |
| Mitosis | The process in which a cell clones itself and divides, making two identical daughter cells. |
| Spindle fiber | A type of protein structure that helps pull apart the chromosomes. |
| Prophase (Phase 1 of Mitosis) | Chromosomes become shorter and thicker |
| Metaphase (Phase 2 of Mitosis) | Chromosomes are lined up at the equator. |
| Anaohase (Phase 3 of Mitosis) | The centromeres split apart |
| Telophase (Phase 4 of Mitosis) | The separared chromatids reach the poles. |
| Cell differentiation | The process of an unspecialized cell becoming more specialized to have a specific function. |
| Gene Expression | The process that controls transcription and translation. |
| stem cell | A special type of cell that has the ability to develop into different types of cells in the body. |
| Homeostasis | The process of staying the same. |
| Caspid | The protein coat that surrounds the DNA and RNA n a virus. |
| Lysogenetic cycle | A cycle that some viruses use to insert viral DNA or RNA into the host-cell DNA before it enters a lytic cycle. |
| Lytic Cycle | A cycle a virus uses to destroy the host cell to replicate new viruses. |
| diffusion | a tendency for a substance to move from a higher concentration to lower concentration |
Created by:
anareyes
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