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Cell Unit Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cells | the basic units of structure and function in living things |
| microscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| cell theory | states all living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things; all cells are produced from other cells. |
| magnification | the ability to make things look larger than they are |
| resolution | the ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object |
| Robert Hooke | One of the first people to observe cells; observed the structure of a thin slice of cork |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | built simple microscopes and used them to observe single-celled organisms in pond water and teeth scrapings |
| Matthias Schleiden | concluded that all plants are made of cells. |
| Theodor Schwann | concluded that all animals are also made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | proposed that new cells are formed only from existing cells |
| organelle | tiny structures inside of cells that carry out specific jobs or functions |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants |
| cell membrane | outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment |
| nucleus | the cell's control center, directs all cell activities |
| cytoplasm | gel-like substance that fills the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| mitochondria | converts food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
| endoplasmic reticulum | passageways that carry proteins & other materials from one part of the cell to another |
| ribosome | small grain like bodies that produce proteins |
| Golgi body | collection of sacs & tubes that receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packaging them, & distributing the |
| chloroplast | (ONLY PLANTS); capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell |
| vacuole | large water-filled sacs that are storage areas of a cell |
| lysosome | small, round structures that contain chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell |
| selectively permeable | some substances can pass through it while others cannot |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | The movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy |
Created by:
shaynedix
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