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bio 163 Forsyth Tech
chapter4 study pack "tissues"
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Connective Tissue | Provides support, protection, transportation of materials, store energy, and provides defense to the body |
| Ground Substances | clear and colorless fluid that fills the space between the cells and the extracellular fibers, form matrix surrounding the cell |
| connective tissue proper | many different cell types contain extracellular fibers and syrupy ground substance (ex. tissues that underlie the tendons, skin and ligaments |
| Fluid Connective Tissues | (distinct population of cells) consist of watery ground substances that contains dissolved proteins. The fluid connective tissues are blood and lymph |
| Supporting Connective Tissues | (less diverse cell population) matrix of a dense ground substance and packed fibers. The only two examples that the body contains are cartilage and bone. |
| Fibroblast | the only cells that are ALWAYS present in connective tissue proper (most abundant and permanent cells) |
| Fibrocytes | (next abundant) maintain the connective tissue fibers of connective tissue proper they are differentiated fibroblast cells |
| Macrophages | large phagocytic cells that phagocytize (get rid of) pathogens or damaged cells that enter the tissue & also release chemicals that mobilize the immune system. |
| Fat Cells/Adipocytes | (permanent resident) contain a large lipid droplet which squeezes nucleus/other organelles to sides of the cell. The number of fat cells varies throughout the different connective tissues, individuals and regions throughout the body. |
| Mast Cells | small, motile connective tissue cells that are found near blood vessels. |
| Antibodies | proteins that destroy microorganisms or foreign substances. |
| Collagen Fibers | (long, straight & unbranched) strong, but flexible fibers. Most common in connective tissue proper |
| Elastic Fibers | (protein elastin) branched & wavy fibers. After being stretched, they return to their original length. |
| Reticular Fibers | (same protein subunits as collagen fibers, just arranged differently) least common of the three & thinner than collagen fibers. Form a branching or interwoven framework in various organs. |
| Areolar Tissue | layer that separates skin from deeper structures. Provides padding & elastic properties allow independent movement. |
| Adipose Tissue | consists of lipid rich cells called adipocytes and its main function is to store energy in the form of lipids (fats). |
| Reticular Tissue | their function is to form a stroma and to provide structural support such as the red bone marrow spleen, the lymphoid organs and the lymph node stromal cells. |
| Dense Connective Tissue | it provides strength and the compact arrangement of the collagen fibers serves to resist stretch. |
| Dense Regular Connective Tissue | the collagen fibers are arranged in parallel bundles, making it suitable for binding body parts together. |
| Dense Irregular Connective Tissue | it provides strength, making the skin resistant to tearing by stretching forces from different directions. |
| Capsule | enhances the ability of bacteria to cause diseases and prevents phagocytosis. |
| Tendons | is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone, the tendon serves to move the bone or structure. |
| Ligaments | are short bands of tough and flexible tissue made of lots of individual fibers, its function is to provide a passive limit to the amount of movement between your bones. |
| Blood | its function is transporting oxygen, and nutrients to the lungs and tissues, it also prevents excess blood loss. |
| Lymph | its responsible for the removal and filtration of interstitial fluid from tissues, absorbing fatty acids and transporting fat and chyle from/ to the digestive system. |
| Plasma | its main role is to take nutrients, hormones and proteins to the parts of the body that need it. |
| Red Blood Cell | its function is carrying oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. |
| White Blood Cell | they flow through our bloodstream to fight viruses, bacteria and other foreign invaders that threaten our/your health |
| Platelets | its function is to prevent bleeding. |
| Cartilage | it is a flexible connective tissue and resists stretching, its function is to connect bones together. |
| Chondrocytes | only cells found within the cartilage matrix. Obtain nutrients & eliminate waste products by diffusion through the matrix. |
| Perichondrium | covers structures of the cartilage & sets apart from surrounding tissues. |
| Hyaline Cartilag | (most common) tough & somewhat flexible. Connects the ribs to the sternum, supports the respiratory tract and covers bone surfaces within joints. |
| Elastic Cartilage | Elastic Cartilage- elastic fibers that make it extremely resilient and flexible. (Ex. external ear, epiglottis, airway to middle ear and larynx). |
| Fibrocartilage | resist compression, absorbs shock, prevents damage from bone to bone contact. Durable & tough (Ex. spinal vertebrae pubic bones of the pelvis, tendons and around a few joints. |
| Bone | hard calcium compounds and flexible collagen fibers. Strong & resistant to shattering |
| Osseous Tissuebone | tissue that helps give bone rigidity. Made up of different types of bone cells. |
| Osteocytes | bone cells that occupy a small chamber called lacunae. Derived from osteoblasts. |
| Canaliculi | network of canals that supply nutrients to the osteocytes, remove cellular wastes and enable communication between cells. |
| Periosteum | covering made up of fibrous and cellular layers. Complete repairs can be made even after severe damage. |
| Mucus Membrane/Mucosae | lines passageways and chambers that open to the exterior which include digestive, reproductive, respiratory and urinary tracts. |
| Cutaneous Membrane | the skin that covers the surface of your body. |
| Articulations | bones contact one another at joints. |
| Synovial Membrane | lines cavities of joints, tendon sheaths and bursae. Made up of synovial fluid which has a lubricating function. |
| Muscle Tissue | specialized for contractions. |
| Skeletal Muscle 1 | actin and myosin filaments are organized into repeating patterns that gives cells a striated or banded appearance. |
| Skeletal Muscle 2 | Only contract if stimulated by nerves because nervous system provides voluntary control over its activities (striated voluntary muscle) |
| Cardiac Muscle | found in the heart. |
| Intercalated Discs | specialized attachment sites containing gap junctions and desmosomes. |
| Smooth Muscle (Provide Examples) | found in walls of blood vessels. Around hollow organs such as the urinary bladder and in layers around the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. |
| Nervous Tissue | specialized for propagation(movement) of electrical impulses from one region of the body to another. 98% is concentrated in the brain and spinal cord which are the control centers for the nervous system |
| Neurons | communicate through electrical impulses that affect their plasma membrane. |
| Neuroglia | provide physical support for nervous tissue, maintain the chemical composition of nervous tissue fluids, supply nutrients to neurons and defend the tissue from infection. |
| Cell Body | contains the nucleus. |
| Dendrites | numerous branching projections |
| Axon | (nerve fibers) ends at axon terminals where the neuron communicates with other cells. |
| Infammation | (Please Provide the Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation)- swelling, heat (warmth), redness and pain. |
| Regeneration | damaged tissues are replaced or repaired to restore normal function. |
| Fibrosis | permanent replacement of normal tissues. Occurs in muscle and other tissues in response to injury, disease or aging |
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ccarterreid1
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