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Organelles
Defintions.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | organelle found in eukaryotic cells that consists of a double membrane and is the site of aerobic respiration. |
| chloroplast | organelle only found in plant and algal cells that is the site of photosynthesis. |
| cell wall | found in plant, bacteria and fungal cells, is a border outside the plasma membrane which provides strength and structure to the cell. |
| plasma membrane | the selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins which separate the intracellular environment from the extracellular environment. |
| ribosome | organelle made of rRNA and protein that is the site of protein synthesis, it can be alone, or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) | a membranous organelle shaped like a series of connected, flattened cylinders that folds and transports proteins, coated in ribosomes. |
| nucleus | organelle found in eukaryotic cells that consists of a double membrane that contains the cell's genetic material |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) | a membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs which aren't coated in ribosomes, and are the production site for lipids. |
| golgi body | an organelle made of flattened sacs of membrane which is involved in modifying, sorting and packaging proteins. |
| lysosome | a vesicle containing digestive enzymes. |
| vacuole | a membrane-bound sac that is used for water and solute storage, and is also partially responsible for maintaining plant cell structure. |
| cytoplasm | the cytosol and organelles inside the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus. |
| vesicle | a small fluid-filled organelle enclosed in a phospholipid membrane that transports substances around the cell. |
| cytoskeleton | the microscopic web of protein filaments in the cytoplasm, which provides structure, support, and transports products around the cell. |
| cilium | thin, hair-like projections that protrude from eukaryotic cells. |
| flagellum | a tail-like structure which attaches itself to the side of the cell body and is responsible for the movement of single-celled organisms. |
| prokaryote | a group of single-celled organisms with no nucleus and a circular loop of DNA; bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic. |
| eukaryote | a group of both single and multi-celled organisms with a nucleus and linear strands of DNA; animals, plants, fungi and protists are all eukaryotic. |
Created by:
chloejanes
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