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Circulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the liquid part of blood | Plasma |
| Name the largest cell seen in the blood smear | White blood cells |
| What is the function of the white blood cells? | They destroy the microorganisms that cause infectious diseases |
| Name the most abundant cell in the blood | Red blood cell |
| Describe the shape of the Red blood cells | They are biconcave, both their sides are curved inwards but appear flat and hollow under a light microscope |
| What is the functional advantage of the shape of the red blood cells? | The shape of the Red blood cells makes it flexible squeeze through capillaries and also gives the cell large surface area to pick up oxygen quickly as they pass through the lungs |
| Name the smallest cells that are fewer in number in the blood | Blood platelets |
| What is the function of the platelets? | The platelets stick and gather around an injured site and helps in forming a mesh of proteins in the plasma, which trap blood cells and form clot that seals the wound. |
| What is the role of plasma? | The plasma transports substances like digested food from small intestine, carbon dioxide from respiring cells, urea from liver |
| Where is the urea transported to in the blood? | Urea is made in the liver and is transported through the plasma of the blood to the Kidneys to be excreted in your urine. |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of dissolved substances from where they are concentrated to where their molecules are spread out is called diffusion |
| What is the role of capillaries? | All cells and tissues in our body are close to capillaries. A cell can collects oxygen from passing Red blood cells present in the blood in capillary and carbon dioxide diffuse into blood by diffusion. |
| Name the disease due to which one has faulty haemoglobin that makes the RBC curve into long thin C shapes. | Sickle cell Anemia |
| What is the symptoms of Sickle cell anemia? | The curved Red blood cells in Sickle cell anemia get stuck in narrow blood vessels and block them obstructing blood flow to tissues and cause damage to tissues and pain. |
| What is the organism that causes Malaria? | Protozoa |
| How does the protozoa infect our body and cause Malaria? | The protozoa after it enters the body, spends a part of their life in the RBC where they feed on the haemoglobin, reproduce and then burs out to invade a new red blood cells. These infected blood cells are sticky and can block small blood vessels |
| What are the symptoms of sleeping sickness? | Fever, headache, joint pain, itching. When they invade the victims brain can cause tiredness and confusion |
| Which pathogen causes sleeping sickness | Protozoa |
| Name the oxygen carrying pigment present in Red blood cell. | Haemoglobin |
| What are the components of blood? | Blood plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets |
| Name the organ that pumps blood in the blood vessels | Heart |
| Name the organ that allows oxygen to get into the body | Lungs |
| Which artery takes blood from heart to the lungs? | Pulmonary artery |
| Which parts of the heart carry blood with a lot of oxygen? | Left side of the heart |
| Which parts pf the heart carry blood without much oxygen? | Right side of the heart |
| Which vein brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart from all the parts of the body? | Vena cava |
| Which vein brings oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart | Pulmonary veins |
| Name the chamber of the heart that receives blood | Atrium |
| Name the chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart | Ventricles |
| Name the artery that carries blood to the body tissues and organs | Aorta |
| Name the blood vessel that is present between arteries and veins | Capillaries |
| Why do arteries have thick wall? | Arteries have thick wall to withstand the high pressure with which the blood is pumped from the heart into the arteries. |
| Why do veins have valves? | The pressure of the blood decreases in the capillaries. So the blood entering the veins have low pressure and the veins have larger lumen and thin wall so to prevent backflow of blood and to keep the blood flowing in one direction the veins have valves. |
| When you exercise, which part of your body receives more blood? | Muscles |
| What is plaque made up of? | Plaque is made up of fats, cholesterol and blood cells |
| How does plaque affect your body? | Plaque when deposited in the arteries it can narrow the arteries and reduce blood flow to the body parts. This can strain your heart and raise your blood pressure. |
| What happens if plaque builds up in the artery that supplies the heart? | This will lead to reduced flow of blood to the heart and hence your heart will not get enough glucose and oxygen |
| What are the risk associated with the plaque deposition? | Plaque deposits can narrow the lumen of the arteries-raise blood pressure and slow down circulation;it can also break away from an artery wall and travel in the blood to block an artery some where else;it can tear and attract blood platelets to form clot |
| What are the signs shown during a heart attack? | Chest pain, pain in the left arm, squeezing feeling, breathlessness |
| What happens if there is a blockage in the artery supplying blood to the brain? | It causes a stroke |
| What are the symptoms associated with a stroke? | Face dropping to one side, cannot hold hands in the air, speech is slurry and hard to understand, some are left paralysed, in severe cases can lead to death. |
| What are the risk factors of having a heart attack or stroke? | Lack of exercise, a poor diet, smoking and drinking, alcohol increase your risk of having a heart attack. |
| What are the preventive measures for | Improve diet; cut down salt , saturated fats, empty calories and junk food intake; doing regular exercise; |
| List the fats, carbs and protein food that are allowed to eat | Fats- oils, nuts, seed, fish; Carb- salads, beans, fruits; protein- fish, chicken |
| List the fats, carbs and protein food that should be avoided | Fats- processed food; saturated fats in meat; Carbs- sweets, sugary drinks, potatoes, white bread; Protein- red meat, sausages |
Created by:
Deepti Vimal
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