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Digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Digestion | It is the breakdown of food into small simple molecules that can enter your blood |
| Where does digestion take place? | Digestion occurs in the gut or alimentary canal. |
| Name the long tube that winds from mouth to rectum. | Alimentary canal |
| Name the big complex materials in your food | Starch, Fats and proteins |
| What is mechanical digestion | It is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller pieces |
| What is the digestive fluid secreted in the Mouth? | Saliva |
| What does Saliva contain that helps in digestion? | It contains enzyme which helps in breakdown of large, complex molecules to small simple molecules |
| What is chemical digestion? | Breakdown of large complex food molecules to small simple ones with the help of enzymes |
| What is the role of the enzyme present in saliva? | It helps in breakdown of starch |
| What other role does saliva have? | It helps in moistening the food and making it slippery and making it easy to swallow the food. |
| What is peristalsis? | It is the squeezing action of the gut that pushes it down into the stomach |
| What are the parts of the Alimentary canal? | Mouth, gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum |
| Which parts of the digestive system produces enzymes? | Mouth, stomach, pancreas and small intestine |
| What is the role of the acids in the stomach? | The acid destroys microbes and begins digestion of proteins . |
| Name the longest part of the gut? | Small intestine |
| Which is the organ from which many of the enzymes of the small intestine come from? | Pancreas |
| What component of food is digested in the Mouth? | Carbohydrate |
| What component of food is digested in the Stomach? | Proteins |
| What components of food is digested in the small intestine? | Carbohydrates, Proteins and fats |
| Name the part of the alimentary canal involved in absorption of the digested food. | Small intestine |
| Where does the fat digestion start in the alimentary canal? | Small intestine |
| What is left when the meal gets into the large intestine | Undigested wastes primarily the fibres |
| Which part of the gut is full of bacteria | Large intestine |
| How are the bacteria in the gut useful for us? | They use fibres and make important vitamins that we can absorb |
| What do the walls of the large intestine absorb from the meal that enters here? | Water |
| Name the term used for the mixture of fibre and bacteria that turn into a solid waste which is expelled through the anus | Faeces |
| What is the role of the rectum? | It functions for temporary storage of faeces |
| What are enzymes? | They are proteins that act as biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the living system |
| What is the colour change of iodine when it mixes with starch | Brown colour of iodine turns dark blue in presence of starch |
| Name the enzyme in saliva | Amylase |
| Define carbohydrases. | They are enzymes that break down carbohydrates to form simple sugars like glucose |
| Define protease | They are enzymes that breakdown proteins to amino acids |
| Define Lipase | They are enzymes that breakdown fats to fatty acids and glycerol |
| Name the category to which Amylase belongs to? | Carbohydrase |
| Name the category of the enzymes in the stomach | Protease |
| Name the category of the enzymes in the small intestine | Carbohydrase, Protease and lipase |
| How does chewing help in digestion? | Chewing food breaks it into smaller pieces to give enzymes a larger surface area to work on. |
| What is emulsification? | It is the breakdown of a fat globule into smaller droplets |
| Name the structure from where bile is secreted into the small intestine | Gall bladder |
| What is the role of bile? | Bile juice emulsifies fats, it breaks them into smaller droplets so as to increase the surface area to make it easier for lipase enzymes to break them down |
| What happens to an enzyme if pH around the enzyme changes? | When pH changes the shape of the enzyme changes and the enzyme becomes denatured and they stop functioning |
| What is optimum pH of an enzyme? | It is that pH at which an enzyme shows its highest activity |
| Fluids in our stomach is acidic (pH 2) but inside our small intestine is slightly alkaline (pH 8). How do enzymes in small intestine function well when food enters the small intestine from the stomach? | Chemicals from the pancreas and bile neutralize the acidic food as it enters the small intestine. This allows the enzymes in the intestine to work |
| At what temperature does enzymes function best in your body? | 37 o C |
| How does high temperature affect enzyme? | High temperature denatures enzymes and stops its activity |
| Where is starch digested in your body? | Mouth and small intestine |
| Where is Protein digested in your body? | Stomach and small intestine |
| Where is Fat digested in your body? | Small intestine |
| What is the final product of fat digestion? | Fatty acid and glycerol |
| What is the end product of carbohydrate digestion? | Glucose/ simple sugars |
| What is the end product of protein digestion? | Amino acids |
Created by:
Deepti Vimal
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