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Weather Unit Review

Study Guide for Water Cycle, Weather & Climate, and Ocean Currents

TermDefinition
Atmosphere The layer of gas surrounding a planet that is held in place by gravity
Condensation The change from a gas state to a liquid state
Evaporation Change of a liquid to a vapor or gas
Gravity The force that causes objects with mass to attract one another
Groundwater Water that collects in cracks and pores in underground soil and rock layers
Percolation When water soaks into the ground and moves downward through spaces in soil and rocks
Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds in the sky
Radiant Energy Energy from the Sun that reaches Earth as visible light, ultraviolet radiation, and infrared (heat) radiation
Runoff Rainfall and surface water that drain or flow from the land into streams, rivers, lakes, or the ocean
Thermal Energy The total kinetic (motion) energy of the tiny particles that make up matter; the faster the particles move, the warmer the matter becomes
Transpiration The process by which plants lose water (water vapor) through the stomata in their leaves
Water Cycle The constant movement of water through the land, air, oceans, and living things
Altitude The distance from sea level (above or below)
Atmospheric Circulation The large-scale movement of air around Earth
Climate Average weather patterns for a particular region
Coriolis Effect The apparent deflection of moving air, as seen by an observer on Earth, as a result of Earth’s rotation
Latitude Geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on Earth’s surface
Ocean Currents Directional movements of ocean water; surface currents result from steady winds over the ocean surface; deep currents result from density variations due to temperature and salinity differences
Regional Geography The study of specific regions of Earth
Rotation The spinning of Earth on its axis that causes day and night to occur
Weather The day-to-day state of the atmosphere
Atmospheric Movement Global air circulation patterns within the atmosphere held to Earth by gravity and warmed as heat radiates from Earth; influenced by convection of warm, less dense air (rises and spreads out) and cold, dense air (sinks)
Convection Heat transfer caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluids and the falling of cooler, denser fluids
Convection Current A circular movement of fluids caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluid and the falling of cooler, denser fluid
Ocean Currents Directional movements of ocean water; surface currents result from steady winds over the ocean surface; deep currents result from density variations due to temperature and salinity differences
Salinity Saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water
Temperature Average kinetic energy of all the particles in a material; measured by a thermometer in degrees (usually degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit)
Air Mass A body of air extending over a large area (1,000 miles or more) that develops and retains specific characteristics of pressure, temperature, and humidity
Cold Front The border between an advancing cold air mass and a retreating warm air mass
Forecast A prediction or estimate of future events
Global Winds Winds that act as a heat transfer system due to the unequal heating of Earth’s surface
Landforms Features on the surface of Earth, such as mountains, hills, dunes, oceans, or rivers
Warm Front The boundary between an advancing warm air mass and a receding cooler air mass
Weather Map A map or chart that shows the weather conditions at a specific point in time over a specific region
Weather Pattern Similar weather for a certain number of days
Thermohaline Heat and Salinity driving Deep Ocean Currents
Created by: Randy.means
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