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Chapters 54, 41, & 5
Nervous System Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Peripheral Nervous System | cranial nerves, spinal nerves & autonomic nervous system |
| paraplegia | paralysis of lower extremities |
| affect | outward expression of mood |
| agnosia | inability to recognize by sight/sound familiar objects |
| anosognosia | lack of awareness of own neurological deficits |
| aphasia | inability to communicate |
| areflexia | absence of reflexes |
| ataxia | inabliity to coordinate voluntary muscle action |
| aura | peculiar sensation preceding a seizure or migrane |
| automatism | mechanical, repetitive motor behavior--performed unconsciously |
| Autonomic Nervous System | controls unconscious activity, sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| bradykinesia | slowness of voluntary movement and speech |
| cephalalgia | headache |
| chorea | abnormal, involuntary movements of all musculature of body |
| dysarthia | difficulty and defective speech- due to dysfunction of muscles |
| dysphagia | impairment of speech--from damage to speech center of brain |
| emotional lability | loss of emotional control |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| fasciculations | involuntary twitching of muscle fibers |
| functional area | specialized area of brain |
| graphesthesia | ability to identify letters, numbers or shapes drawn on skin |
| hemiparesis | weakness of one side of body |
| hemoplegia | paralysis of one side of body |
| homonymous hemianopia | loss of vision in half of the visual field on same side of both eyes |
| Kernig's sign | test for inflammation in the nerve roots |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| mentation | ability to concentrate, remember or think abstractly |
| neuralgia | paroxysmal pain that extends along course of 1 or more nerve |
| neurogenic shock | hypotensive situation from loss of sympathetic control of vital function of brain |
| neurotransmitters | chemical substance produced by body--facilitates nerve impulse transmission |
| nuchal rigidity | pain and rigidity in the neck |
| nystagmus | constant, involuntary movement of the eye in various directions |
| orientation | person awareness of self in relation to person, place and time |
| quadriplegia | dysfunction or paralysis of both arms, legs, bowel and bladder |
| responsiveness | ability to percieve stimuli & body reactions and then respond with thought and action |
| sclerotic | hardened tissue |
| somatic nervous system | nerves connect CNS to skin and skeletal muscles...conscious activity |
| spinal shock | cessation of motor, sensory, autonomic and reflex impulses below level of injury |
| status epilepticus | acute, prolonged seizure activity that lasts at least 30 min. |
| stereognosis | ability to recognize an object by feel |
| unilateral neglect | failure to recognize or care for one side of body |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| myotome | portion of an embryonic somite that gives rise to striated muscles |
| blook-brain barrier | physiologic barrier between blook capillaries and brain tissue |
| dermatome | band of skin supplied by single sensory nerve |
| meninges | 3 layers of protective membranes that surround brain and spinal cord |
| neuron | primary functional unit of nervous system |
| oligodendrocytes | cells that produce myelin sheath of nerve fibers |
| astrocytes | neuroglial cell that supports neurons & contributes to the blood-brain barrier |
| ependymal cells | line the brain ventricles and aid in secretion of cerebrospinal fluid |
| micrglia | macrophage type--are rare in normal CNS tissure |
| resting membrane potential | difference in electric charge across cell membrane |
| nodes of Ranvier | space between adjacent Schwann cells along a nerve fiber |
| saltatory conduction | transmission of nerve impulse along mylinated nerve fiber...occurs only at nodes of Ranvier |
| pyramidal tract | term for descending tracts...corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts |
| cerebrum | compossed of the right and left hemispheres |
| brainstem | includes midbrain, pons and medulla |
| arachnoid villi | tiny projections into subarachoid space |
| aneurysm | congenital or acquired weakness and ballooning of vessel |
| embolic stroke | embolus lodges and occludes cerebral artery |
| ischemic stroke | not enough blood flow to brain from partial or complete occlusion of artery |
| thrombolic stroke | narrowing of blood vessel or thrombosis |
| lacunar stroke | occlusion of small penetration artery with developement of a cavity in the place of the infarcted brain tissue |
| hemorrhagic stroke | bleeding into brain tissue itself, subarachnoid space or ventricles |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | bleeding within the brain caused by rupture of vessel |
| subarachnoid hemorrahage | bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid |
| transient ischemic attack | temporary focal loss of neurologic function |
Created by:
crystalih
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