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Unit 1 vocab
Ap Biology unit 1 vocabulary- Perez
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adhesion | the force of attraction between two unlike molecules |
| cohesion | the force of attraction between two like molecules |
| hydrogen bonding | a type of weak chemical bond in which is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond forms. |
| polar | a molecule such as water with an even distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule |
| surface tension | a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. water has high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of the surface molecules |
| atom | it's the smallest unit of matter |
| essential element | a chemical element required for an organism to survive grow and reproduce |
| macromolecule | a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules usually bite their hydration reaction |
| cleavage | this Obsession of Rapid cell division without significant growth during early development |
| dehydration synthesis | a chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules |
| monomer | the sub-unit that serves as a building block for a polymer |
| amino acid | an organic molecule processing both a carboxyl and an amino group |
| Amino terminus | and enzyme that joins each amino acid to the appropriate TRNA |
| carbohydrates | a sugar |
| carboxyl terminus | a chemical group percent in aldehyde and ketones and consistent of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom |
| deoxyribonucleic | and nucleic acid molecule usually a double-stranded helix |
| deoxyribose | the sugar component of DNA |
| nitrogenous Base | a molecule that contains nitrogen and has a chemical properties of a base |
| hydrophilic | having an affinity for water |
| hydrophobic | not having an affinity for water |
| lipid | any of a group of large biological molecules including fats phospholipids and steroids that mix poorly |
| nucleic acid | a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers serve as a blueprint for protein |
| phosphate | a chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms important in energy transfer |
| polymer | a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds |
| phospholipids | a lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group |
| protein | a biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and code into a specific three-dimensional |
| R group | sidechain is specific to each amino acid that confers particular chemical properties to the amino acid |
| ribonucleic acid | a type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers with the ripest sugar and a nitrogenous base |
| ribose | a complex of RNA and protein molecules the function as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm consists of a large and small subunit |
| saturated fats | a fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by a single Bond |
| unsaturated fats | a fatty that has one or more double bonded |
| 3' | each end of DNA molecules has the number one in is referred to as five and the other end is referred as three |
| 5' | each end of DNA molecules has a number one in is referred to as V and the other end is referred as three |
| Alpha Helices | a coiled region constitution one form of the secondary structure of proteins |
| antiparallel-integers | referring to the arrangement of the sugar phosphate Backbone in a DNA double helix |
| beta-sheet | one form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain. Back and forth |
| covalent bond | a type of of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
| double helix | the form of native DNA referring to its two adjacent and temporal polynucleotide strands want wound around and the imaginary axis in to the shape |
| peptide | bonds between the carboxyl group and amino acid group |
| polypeptide | polypeptidea polymer of many an amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
| primary structure | the level of protein structure referring to the specific linear sequence of amino acids |
| secondary structure | regions of repetitive coiling or folding to the polypeptide backbone |
| subunit | a single protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules to form a protein complex |
| synthesis | creation of something |
| tertiary the structure | their overall shape of a protein molecule do to the interactions of amino acid side chains |
| sugar phosphate backbone | form stick structural framework of nucleic acids including DNA and RNA |
Created by:
Karenp23
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