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BIOLOGY UNIT 2

12 social and preventative medicine

QuestionAnswer
What a person eats, and how much they eat, can have a very large effect on their health
A balanced diet can be defined as a diet containing all of the different nutrients required by the body, and that supplies the appropriate amount of energy
Obesity is sometimes defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27
formula for calculating BMI weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Obesity results from consistently eating nutrients that contain more energy than the body uses. The ‘spare’ energy is stored in the form of fat, which builds up as adipose tissue underneath the skin and around the body organs
Obesity seriously increases the risk of developing -Type 2 diabetes -heart disease and -arthritis
nutrients needed in the body -carbohydrates -proteins -lipids -vitamin A (fat soluble) -vitamin C (water soluble) -vitamin D (fat soluble) -iron -calcium
Function of carbohydrates providing energy, which is released by respiration inside body cells
good food sources of carbohydrates -bread -rice -potatoes -pulses (beans, lentils and peas) -breakfast cereals
carbohydrates include sugars and starches
starches are better than sugars because they take longer to digest and the energy in them is released more steadily
Function of proteins formation of new cells and tissues, and of many important substances, including haemoglobin, collagen and enzymes; can be respired to provide energy
good food sources of proteins -meat -eggs -fish -dairy products -pulses
proteins contain 20 different amino acids, of which 8 are essential in the diet as the body cannot make them from other amino acids
function of lipids making cell membranes, and steroid hormones; providing energy when broken down in respiration–fats provide twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates or proteins
good food sources of lipids -dairy products -red meat -oily fish -plant oils
Created by: 868TOYA
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