Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Embryology
UWORLD Round 1 2021
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is connected by the Ureteropelvic junction? | Kidney and the Ureter |
| Connection site below the kidney and the ureter | Ureteropelvic junction |
| What is the most common cause of Unilateral Fetal Hydronephrosis? | Inadequate canalization of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ). |
| What is the MC consequence of inadequate canalization of Ureteropelvic junction? | Unilateral Fetal Hydronephrosis |
| What is the most common cause of Bilateral fetal hydronephrosis? | Posterior Urethral valves |
| What is a consequence of Posterior Urethral valves in boys? | Bilateral Fetal Hydronephrosis |
| Herniation of the abdominal contents into the thorax | Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia |
| What happens to the lungs in newborn with Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia? | Pulmonary hypoplasia due to compression of the lungs |
| What are chest X-ray findings in Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia? | 1. Thoracic Bowel loops 2. Distal endo the feeding tube may also be seen within the thorax |
| What is Annular Pancreas? | Pancreatic tissue encircling the descending duodenum, is caused by failure of the Ventral Pancreatic bud, to properly migrate and fuse with the dorsal bud during the 7th and 8th weeks of fetal development |
| Which pancreatic bud fails to migrate and fuse leading to Annular Pncrases? | Ventral Pancreatic bud |
| What are the symptoms seen in Annular Pancreas? | Duodenal obstruction or Pancreatitis |
| What weeks of gestation are the ones involved in development of Annular Pancreas? | 7th and 8th weeks |
| What is commonly found inside a Meckel diverticulum? | A number of ECTOPIC tissues; most commonly gastric epithelium |
| What is the most common ectopic tissue found inside a Meckel diverticulum? | Gastric epithelium |
| What is a common consequence of increased Gastric Acid production? | Ulceration and subsequent bleeding |
| What are the main symptoms of Meckel diverticulum? | 1. Painless melena 2. Diverticulum gets inflamed and presents like an acute appendicitis |
| Why is Meckel diverticulum often mistaken by acute appendicitis? | Due to diverticulum inflammation |
| What gives rise to Intestinal Malrotation? | Results when the midgut undergoes incomplete embryological counterclockwise rotation |
| What condition is due to the incomplete embryological counterclockwise rotation of the midgut? | Intestinal malrotation |
| What are the main symptoms of Intestinal Malrotation? | 1. Intestinal obstruction, due to compression by the adhesive bands 2. Midgut volvulus, due to intestinal ischemia due to twisting around the blood vessels |
| What are Ladd's (fibrous) bands? | Fibrous bands that connect the retroperitoneum in the RLQ to the Right Colon/Cecum by passing the 2nd part of the duodenum |
| What conditions is often seen with Ladd's bands? | Intestinal malrotation |
| What type of vomiting is seen with Intestinal malrotation? | Bilious vomiting during the fists days of life |
| Is Intestinal malrotation a problem of the midgut, hindgut, or foregut? | Midgut |
| Is bilious or non-bilious vomit associated with Intestinal malrotation? | Bilious vomit |
| What is a "diverticulum"? | A single pouch of the digestive tract |
| What is the result of incomplete fusion of Urethral (urogenital) folds in males? | Hypospadias |
| What causes hypospadias? | Incomplete fusion of the urethral folds |
| What is Hypospadias? | Abnormal opening of the urethral proximal to the glans penis along the ventral shaft of the penis |
| What is Polyhydramnios? | Excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid |
| How is Polyhydramnios presented? | Increased abdomen circumference out of proportion to gestational age |
| What causes Polyhydramnios? | Decreased fetal swallowing or increased fetal urination |
| What condition is due to decreased fetal swallowing or increased fetal urination? | Polyhydramnios |
| What are fetal anomalies associated to polyhydramnios due to decreased fetal swallowing? | GI obstruction and Anencephaly |
| Intestinal atresias are often the result of: | GI obstruction due to polyhydramnios caused by impaired fetal swallowing |
| What is the role of Paramesonephric ducts in female embryology? | Paramesonephric duct fuse to form the Fallopian tubes, cervix, uterus, and upper vagina |
| What is formed in females by the fusion of the Paramesonephric ducts? | Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina |
| What are consequences of failure or disruption in female embryogenic Paramesonephric duct fusion? | Mullerian tract anomalies an renal anomalies |
| What is the the result of incomplete lateral fusion of the Paramesonephric ducts in females? | Bicornuate uterus |
| What is the cause of Bicornuate uterus? | The incomplete LATERAL fusion of the Paramesonephric ducts |
| How is Bicornuate uterus characterized visually? | It is seen with an indentation in the center of the fundus |
| What is a common embryological cause of recurrent miscarriages? | Bicornuate uterus |
| What parts of the Pancreas are formed by the Dorsal Pancreatic bud? | Majority of pancreatic tissue (body, tail, and most of head) |
| What is formed by the Ventral Pancreatic bud? | Uncinate process, inferior/posterior part of the pancreatic head, and major pancreatic duct (of Wirsung) |
| What is the major pancreatic duct? | Duct of Wirsung |
| What pancreatic bud, ventral or dorsal, gives rise to the the major pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)? | Ventral pancreatic bud |
| What pancreatic bud gives rise the the tail, body, and most of the pancreatic head? | Dorsal pancreatic bud |
| How is the thyroid gland formed? | Evagination of the Pharyngeal epithelium and descens to the lower neck |
| What can lead to the presence of Ectopic thyroid tissue? | Failure of migration, the thyroid can reside anywhere along the thyroglossal duct's usual path, including the tongue |
| Ectopic thyroid tissue in the tongue is known as: | Lingual thyroid |
| The presence of Lingual thyroid is due to a defect of : | Failure of migration |
| What gives rise the evagination of pharyngeal epithelium and decent to the lower neck? | Thyroid gland |
| Why is the Pierce Robin classified as a sequence? | Because the primary defect leads to a cascade of further malformations |
| What is the primary defect of the Pierre Robin sequence? | Hypoplasia of the mandibular prominence |
| Hypoplasia of the mandibular prominence is often associated with: | Pierre Robin sequence primary defect |
| What are the secondary defects in Pierre Robin sequence? | Micrognathia, posteriorly displaced tongue, and U-shaped cleft palate |
| What condition is often associated with a U-shaped cleft palate, posteriorly displaced tongue,and small mandibular prominence? | Pierre Robin sequence |
Created by:
rakomi
Popular USMLE sets