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Human Body
Ch1 Human Body - Orientation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the disciplines of science? | Biology, Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology |
| What is the study of life? | Biology |
| What is the study of matter and the energy changes that matter undergoes? | Chemistry |
| What includes solids, liquids, and gases? | Matter |
| Study or structure of living things | Anatomy |
| Structure is Shape, composition, location | Anatomy |
| science of functioning of living things | Physiology |
| If you know what the function (physiology) is then you should know what the structure is (______) | Anatomy |
| Function is how it works, chemical reaction | Physiology |
| Procedure/method used to study natural phenomena | Scientific Method |
| Observation, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion, theory | Steps of the Scientific Method |
| what you actually see, unprejudiced and accurate, results in a question | Observation |
| educated guess, answer to the question from the observation, may or may not be true | Hypothesis |
| tests the hypothesis | Experiment |
| thing/condition that influences the outcome of the experiment | Variable |
| part of the experiment that lacks the variable used as a standard to tell the difference between a positive and negative test result | Control |
| detailed record (documented)of what happened during an experiment measurements (number and unit) NO right/wrong results Are expected/unexpected resulkts | Results |
| discussion that compares the experimental results to the hypothesis results support the hypothesis or disprove the hypothesis | Conclusion |
| long-standing, much experimentally supported hypothesis subject to change | Theory |
| 1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Organelles 4. Cells 5. Tissues 6. Organs 7. Organ Systems 8. Organism | Levels of Structure |
| Smallest unit of an element that can enter into a Chemical reaction Simplest level of organization Examples: (C) Carbon (H) Hydrogen (O) Oxygen (N) Nitrogen | Atom |
| two or more atoms help together by chemical bonds Example: Water H2O, carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids | Molecule |
| (Usually) membrane bound sac that isolates/compartmentalizes chemical reactions inside a cell. Performs a specific function inside the cytoplasm of a cell Examples: Nucleus and Mitochondria | Organelles |
| 1.basic unit of life 2.smallest unit that carries out the characteristics of life 3. all cells are similar in structure and function a. cell membrane b. cytoplasm c. DNA | Cell |
| 1. group of similar cells that perform specific function(s) 2. >200 different types in the human body 3. 4 general c categories a. Epithelial Tissue b. Connective Tissue c. Muscular Tissue d. Nervous Tissue 4. Histology | Tissues |
| Study of cells and tissue | Histology |
| two or more tissues that work together to perform specific function(s) Example: The Heart 1. Cardiac Muscle Tissue 2. Nervous Tissue 3. Connective Tissue | Organ |
| two or more organs that work together to perform specific function(s) Example: Respiratory System 1. nose 2. Larynx 3. Trachea 4. Bronchi 5. Lungs | Organ System |
| An entire living being humans are multicellular most complex level of organization | Organism |
| 1. Adaptation 2. cells 3. Growth 4. Heredity 5. Homeostasis 6. Interdependence 7. Irritability 8. Metabolism 9. Motion 10. Ontogeny 11. Organic 12. Reproduction | Characteristics of Life |
| 1. Progressive, heritable change in the DNA of a population 2. Results: a new behavior or structure that allows better survivability | Adaptation |
| 1. Basic unit of life, all living things composed of > on cell 2. Examples: a. Unicellular b. Multicellular | Cellular |
| 1. An Increase in size 2. Increase in cell size 3. Increase in number of cells | Growth |
| Passage of DFNA from parent to offspring | Heredity |
| 1. Cell or organisms ability to sense and respond to its environment in order to maintain a stable internal state 2. Balance = Normal/Healthy Function 3. Imbalance = sick = death | Homeostasis |
| 1. Organisms are mutually and reciprocally dependent upon each other for their own survival 2. Examples: A. Producers, Consumers and Decomposers B. Intestinal Bacteria (probiotics) Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Interdependence |
| 1. The ability to respond to a stimuli 2. Stimuli A) Energy: Light, sound, pressure, temperature B) Chemical (molecular): taste, smell | Irritability |
| 1. An organisms ability to extract and convert energy and nutrients from its environment for its own growth, maintenance = and reproduction 2. Example: A) DNA Replication B) Protein Synthesis C) Making ATP ( Energy) D) Mitosis and Meiosis | Metabolism |
| 1. The ability to move 2. example: A) Entire Body B) Appendage C) Peristalsis D) Cilia and Flagella | Motion |
| An organisms developmental sequence, stages of development | Ontogeny |
| 1. Large complex molecules that include Carbon Atoms 2. Examples: A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) nucleic acids D) proteins | Organic |
| 1. The ability to produce offspring in our own image 2. DNA 3. Examples: A) Mitosis B) Meiosis | Reproduction |
| (Produce Clones) 1. A process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically daughter cells. 2. Used to describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structure that carry the genbtetic informati | Mitosis |
| (Produce Sex Cells) process where a single cell divides twice coproduce four cells. Containing half the original amount of genetic information These cells are our sex cells Sperm in males eggs in females | Meiosis |
| 1. Cell or organism's ability to sense and respond to its environment in order maintain a stable internal state 2. Communication is essential A) Nervous System B)Endocrine System 3. Chemical Messengers A) Neurotransmitters B) Hormones | Homeostasis |
| 1. Sensor / Receptor 2. Control Center 3. Effector | Components of Homeostatic Control Mechanisms |
| Constantly monitors changes in stimuli and sends information to control center | Sensor/Receptor |
| 1. Monitors/analyzes incoming information from the sensors/receptors 2. Compares the information the set point A) Homeostasis B) Adjustable, can be modified 3. Using current. conditions/past experience determines if action/response is required | Control Center |
| Structures that carry out response A) Muscle > Contract B) Gland > Secrete | Effectors |
| 1. Purpose: Decrease the stimulus 2. Common Example: Home Heating System A) Stimulus: Cold Air B) Sensor: Thermostat C) Control Center: Thermostat D) Set point E) Effector: Furnace | Negative Feedback |
| 1. Purpose: Increase the stimulus 2. Common Example: Childbirth | Positive Feedback |
Created by:
Rosiesosa
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