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bio early start
structure and function of cell organelles
| structure/cell type | function/membrane-bound |
|---|---|
| nucleus found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | surrounded by a double membrane and is there to protect and confine the DNA of a cell |
| mitochondria found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | has a highly folded inner membrane surrounded by an outer membrane and is the powerhouse of a cell. it is the site of aerobic cellular respiration which produces the ATP required to power cellular processes. |
| chloroplast found in eukaryotes (animal) | A double membrane-bound organelle that contains flattened, fluid-filled sacs that allow the process of photosynthesis to take place. |
| cell wall found in prokaryotes (plant) | not membrane bound and is a sturdy border outside the plasma membrane that provides strength and structure to plant, bacterial, and fungal cells. |
| plasma membrane found in prokaryotes (plant and animal) | not membrane-bound and is a selectively permeable barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. |
| ribosome found in prokaryotes (plant and animal) | not membrane-bound and are tiny structures made of ribosomal RNA and proteins that fold into a large and small subunit |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs which are coated with ribosomes on their outer surface. This allows them to synthesise and modify proteins, usually close to the nucleus. |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | A membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs which are not coated with ribosomes and are responsible for the production of lipids in a cell. |
| Golgi body found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | not membrane-bound and is stacked flattened sacs that are the site of protein sorting, packaging, and modifying. |
| lysosome found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | A membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down cell waste, acting like a garbage disposal. |
| vacuole found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | A membrane-bound sac that is used for water and solute storage. It can also play a role in maintaining plant cell structure. |
| cytoplasm found in all cells | is the made up of all the membrane-bound organelles and cytosol excluding the nucleus |
| vesicle found in all cells | A small membrane-bound sac that transports substances into or out of a cell, or stores substances within a cell. |
| cytoskeleton found in prokaryotes (plant and animal) | A dynamic linkage of many protein filaments that start at the nucleus and reach out to the plasma membrane. It is critical for maintaining shape and transporting vesicles around the cell |
| cilium found in eukaryotes (plant and animal) | Small hair-like structures on the outside of the plasma membrane that perform a rhythmic waving to help move substances through tubes, such as clearing mucus and dirt from airways |
| flagellum found in prokaryotes (plant and animal) | not membrane-bound and is a tail-like structure that attaches to the side of the cell body and is used for locomotion on single-celled organisms. |
| prokaryote no membrane bound organelles | a group of single-celled organisms with no nucleus and a circular loop of DNA. Bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotic |
| eukaryote membrane bound organelles | a group of single and multi-celled organisms with a nucleus and linear strands of DNA. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic |
Created by:
ellagriffiths
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