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Unit 1

AP Biology Unit 1 Vocabulary- Silim

TermDefinition
Adhesion Hydrogen Bond, same molecules are connected/attached to each other
Cohesion Hydrogen Bond, forced attraction of two different molecules
Hydrogen Bond Type of covalent bond, weak bond between hydrogen and other atoms causes by polarity
Polar Unequal electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond, atoms have a partial charge
Surface Tension Tension below surface of water created by hydrogen bonds
Atom smallest unit of matter, makes up molecules
Essential Element Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
Macromolecule Large molecules made of monomers, divided into four classes.
Cleavage Splitting of chemical bonds
Dehydration Synthesis Type of reaction where a water molecule is lost when a covalent bond between two molecules that are similar
Hydrolysis (Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis) Water molecule cuts through a covalent bond, and attaching itself
Monomer Building blocks of polymers, builds bonds with identical molecules
Amino Acid Building blocks of protein, monomer of protein
Amino Terminus/N-Terminus the end of a protein with a free amino group
Carbohydrates Macromolecule, sugars, starches, and fibers make this category
Deoxyribonucleic(DNA) DNA, genetic material that organisms get from parents
Deoxyribose Sugar of DNA
Hydrophilic Attracted towards water
Hydrophobic Repel or doesn't mix with water
Lipid Made up of fatty acids and glycerol, mostly hydrophobic.
Nitrogenous Base the nitrogen atoms tend to take up H+from solution
Nucleic Acid DNA and RNA are nucleic acids
Nucleotide Building blocks of polynucleotides, composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar (a pentose), a nitrogen-containing (nitrogenous) base, and one to three phosphate groups
Phosphate Made of one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms, when bonded with carbon it's a phosphate group
Phospholipids a lipid containing a phosphate group
Polymer Molecule that is made up of many monomers
Protein Important for life, biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure.
R group Side chain, differs with each amino acid
Ribonucleic Acid Can transport genetic information, regulate activity of genes, mostly converts information from DNA to protein
Ribose Sugar of RNA
Saturated Fats Lipid that is solid at room temperature
Unsaturated Fats Fats held together by a double bond, has a kink or bend to its structure
3’ Hydroxyl group at the end of the 3' carbon
5’ Phosphate attaached at the end of the carbon
Alpha Helice delicate coil that's held together with every fourth amino acid by hydrogen bonds
Antiparallel – in regards to DNA The two sugar-phosphate backbones run in opposite 5′ S 3′ directions from each other
Beta-Sheet polypeptides chains lay side by side connected to each other by hydrogen bonds.
Covalent Bond Bond in which atoms share electrons
Double Helix Shape of a DNA molecule
Peptide Short chains of amino acid held together by peptide bonds
Polypeptide Polymer made up of amino acids who are joined together with peptide bonds
Primary Structure Sequence of amino acids
Secondary Structure segments of protein's polypeptide chains repeatedly coiled or folded in patterns that contribute to the protein’s overall shape.
Subunit Single protein molecule
Synthesis Creation of DNA
Tertiary Structure Three dimensional shape of protein due to aggregation of polypeptide subunits
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone chain of sugar molecules and phosphate ions on a molecule of nucelic acid
Created by: melonhokage
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