Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1
AP Biology Unit 1 Vocabulary - Garcia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adhesion | Having 2 different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other. |
| Cohesion | Having 2 of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other. |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak bond interaction between negative and positive regions of two separate molecules. |
| Polar | Polarity; the state of having two opposite or contradictory aspects. |
| Surface Tension | Increased hydrogen bonding forces between water molecules at the surface. |
| Atom | The basic unit of a chemical element. |
| Essential Element | A chemical nutrient that is vital for the successful growth and development of an organism. |
| Macromolecule | A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer. |
| Cleavage | Tendency of a crystalline substance to split into fragments bounded by plane surfaces. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other with the loss of a water molecule. |
| Hydrolysis | A process that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction. |
| Monomer | The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules. |
| Amino Acid | The building blocks of proteins |
| Amino Terminus/N-Terminus | A term that identifies one end of a protein molecule. First part of the protein that exits the ribosome during protein biosynthesis. |
| Carbohydrates | Mainly sugars and starches, together constituting one of the three principal types of nutrients used as energy sources (calories) by the body. |
| Carboxyl Terminus/C-Terminus | The end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). |
| Deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) | The nucleic acid that is the genetic material determining the makeup of all living cells and many viruses. |
| Deoxyribose | Five-carbon sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules. |
| Hydrophilic | Any substance that has an affinity for water. |
| Hydrophobic | Substances that are nonionic and nonpolar (or otherwise cannot form hydrogen bonds) actually seem to repel water. |
| Lipid | Any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water. |
| Nitrogenous Base | A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. |
| Nucleic Acid | Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. |
| Nucleotide | Composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar (a pentose), a nitrogen-containing (nitrogenous) base, and one to three phosphate groups. |
| Phosphate | A salt or ester of phosphoric acid, containing PO43− or a related anion or a group such as —OPO(OH)2. |
| Phospholipids | A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule. |
| Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. |
| Protein | A naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds. |
| R group | An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule. |
| Ribo nucleic Acid | A nucleic acid that is similar in structure to DNA but different in subtle ways. |
| Ribose | A type of simple sugar, or carbohydrate, that our bodies make. |
| Saturated Fats | A type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules without double bonds, considered to be less healthy in the diet than unsaturated fat. |
| Unsaturated Fats | A type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules with at least one double bond, considered to be healthier in the diet than saturated fat. |
| 3' | A term that identifies one end of a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule. The 3' end is that end of the molecule which terminates in a 3' phosphate group. The 3' direction is the direction toward the 3' end. |
| 5' | A term that identifies one end of a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule. The 5' end is that end of the molecule which terminates in a 5' phosphate group. |
| Alpha Helix | A delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every fourth amino acid |
| Antiparallel - in regards to DNA | A term used to describe the opposite orientations of the two strands of a DNA double helix; the 5' end of one strand aligns with the 3' end of the other strand. |
| Beta-Sheet | A common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins. Consist of beta strands (β-strand) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. |
| Covalent Bond | When atoms share electrons. |
| Double Helix | The description of the structure of a DNA molecule. |
| Peptide | The bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond. |
| Polypeptide | A polymer of amino acids is called a polypeptide. |
Created by:
Nataly Garcia
Popular Biology sets