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Unit 1
AP Biology Unit 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adhesion | When two different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other |
| Cohesion | When two of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other |
| Hydrogen bond | Is a weak bond interaction between the negative and positive of two molecules |
| Polar | polar is a molecule of a chemical species in which the distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms not even when bonded to another atom |
| Surface tension | the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid |
| Atom | atom is the smallest unit of the ordinary matter that forms a chemical element |
| Essential Element | A chemical nutrient that is vital for the successful growth and development of an organism |
| Macromolecule | Amolecule containing a very large number of atos suchs as protein nucleic acids or synthetic polymer |
| Cleavage | cell division especially of a fertilized egg cell |
| Dehydration synthesis | is a conversion that involves the loss of water from the reaction molecule or ion |
| Hydrolysis | the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water |
| Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer |
| Amino acid | a simple organic compound containing both carboxyl and amino |
| Amino Terminus/ N-Terminus | N-terminus is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group located at the end of a polypeptide |
| Carbohydrates | any large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars starch and cellulose |
| Carboxyl Terminus/ C- Terminus | is the end of the amino acid chain terminated by free carboxyl group when the protein is translated from messenger RNA |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | is an organic chemical that contains genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis |
| Deoxyribose | a sugar derived from ribosome by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen |
| Hydrophilic | molecule or portion of molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substance are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions |
| Hydrophobic | compounds do not dissolve easily in water and are usually nonpolar |
| Lipid | is a macro biomolecules that is soluble is nonpolar solvents non polar solvents are typically hydrocarbons used to dissolve other naturally occurring hydrocarbon |
| Nitrogenous Base | a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance presents in living cells especially DNA or RNA whose molecules consist of nucleotides linked in a long chain |
| Nucleotide | is an organic molecule that is the building block of DNa and RNA they also have functions related to cell signaling metabolism and enzymes reactions |
| Phosphate | is a chemical compound made up of one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms |
| Phospholipids | are major components of the plasma membrane the outermost layer of animal cells |
| Polymer | any od a class of natural or synthetic substance composed of very large molecules called macromolecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units |
| Protein | are polymers of amino acids major functions include acting as enzymes receptors transport molecules |
| R group | for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule |
| Ribonucleic Acid | is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding decoding regulation and expression of genes |
| Ribose | is a five carbon sugar found in RNA where it alternates with phosphate to form the backbone |
| Saturated Fats | is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds |
| Unsaturated Fats | a fatty acid in which the hydrocarbon molecule have two carbons that share double or triple bonds and therefore not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms |
| 3' | is a antiparallel direction from strands |
| 5' | is a antiparallel direction from strands |
| Alpha Helice | is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is right handed helix |
| Antiparallel - In regards to DNA | DNA is composed to two strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonding the strands each run from 5´ to 3´ and run antiparallel from one another |
| Beta- Sheet | consists of beta strands connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds forming a generally twisted pleated sheet |
| Covalent Bond | a covalent bond is formed between two interacting monomers |
| Double Helix | is a description of the structure of DNA molecule |
| Peptide | a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain the carboxyl group of each acids being joined to the amino group of the next bond by a bond of the type |
| Polypeptide | a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino acid residues bonded together in a chain |
Created by:
Mikalaedeza25
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