Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1 Vocab
Ap Biology Unit One Vocabulary-Rodriguez
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adhesion | The clinging of one substance to another, such as a water to plant cell walls by means of hydrogen bonds. |
| Cohesion | The linking together if like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A hydrogen bond is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule |
| Polar | A molecule such as water with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule. |
| Surface Tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element |
| Essential Element | A chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. |
| Macromolecule | A giant molecule formed by the joining of a smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules. |
| Cleavage | The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by the pinching of the plasma membrane. |
| Dehydrogen Synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules becomes covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |
| Hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water. |
| Monomer | The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer |
| Amino Acid | An organic molecule that possesses both a carboxyl and an amino acid group. |
| Amino Terminus/N-Terminus | Amino terminus is that end of the molecule which terminates in a free amino group. |
| Carbohydrates | A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides or polymers) or polymers (polysaccharides) |
| Carboxyl Terminus/N-Terminus | the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double standard helix, in which each polynucleotide stand strand consist of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine |
| Deoxyribose | The sugar that composes DNA nucleotides, having one fewer hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of RNA nucleotides. |
| Hydrophilic | having an affinity for water |
| Hydrophobic | having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. |
| Lipid | Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water |
| Nitrogenous Base | An organic molecule that contains the element nitrogen and acts as a base in chemical reaction. |
| Nucleic Acid | A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serve as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activity. |
| Nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups. |
| Phosphate | A chemical group consisting of phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer |
| Phospholipids | A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. |
| Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds |
| Protein | A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three dimensional structure. |
| R group | Any group in which a carbon or hydrogen molecule is attached to the rest of the molecule. |
| Ribonucleic Acid | A type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases. |
| Ribose | The sugar component of RNA nucleotides |
| Saturated Fats | A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton. |
| Unsaturated Fats | A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. |
| 3' | 3' carbon has a a hydroxyl group attached to it |
| 5' | 5' carbon has a phosphate group attached to it |
| Alpha Helice | A coiled region of constituting one form of the secondary structure of protein, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone |
| Antiparallel-in regards to DNA | The two sugar-phosphate backbones run in opposite 5’- 3’ directions from each other. |
| Beta-Sheet | One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth. Two regions of the chain lie in parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. |
| Covalent Bond | A type of strong chemical bonding which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. |
| Double Helix | The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound an imaginary axis into a spiral shape. |
| Peptide | The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by dehydration synthesis |
| polypeptide | Polymers of amino acids. |
Created by:
alondarod1
Popular Biology sets