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MAAP Section 3
Cellular Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | processes, such as endocytosis and exocytosis, that require some of the cell's energy. |
| cell membrane | the membrane that surrounds the contents of the cell and allows only certain materials to enter and exit the cell |
| cellular transport | the movement of materials into and out of cells |
| fluid mosaic model | a way of describing the structure and function of a cell membrane; includes the phospholipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol |
| homeostasis | the process of keeping the internal conditions of an organism stable |
| hydrophilic | attracted to water or able to be dissolved in water; "water loving" |
| hydrophobic | repelled by water or not able to be dissolved in water; "water fearing" |
| passive transport | processes, such as osmosis and diffusion, that do not require energy from the cell |
| phospholipid bi-layer | the two layers of the phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail that help to make up cell membranes |
| polar | having a partial positive electrical charge on one end and a partial negative electrical charge on the other end |
| semi-permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows only certain things to enter and exit |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of ions or other dissolved particles between two regions |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| dynamic equilibrium | the state of having equal concentrations as molecules move into and out of the cell at the same time. |
| facilitated diffusion | the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through special proteins in the membrane |
| transport proteins | proteins present in the cell membrane that allow different types of substances to pass through the membrane |
| hypertonic | having a higher solute concentration in the solution outside the cell than inside the cell, causing the cell to shrink |
| hypotonic | having a lower solute concentration in the solution outside the cell than inside the cell, causing the cell to swell |
| isotonic | having equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell |
| osmosis | the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| osmotic pressure | the pressure at which osmosis (the flow of water across a membrane) stops |
| solute | dissolved particles in a solution |
| Turgor pressure | the pressure created by osmosis as water enters into a plant cell |
| endocytosis | process used by a cell to take in a large particle |
| exocytosis | process used by a cell to release materials out of the cell |
| transport protein | a protein present in the cell membrane that helps to move materials into and out of the cell |
Created by:
jstrayham
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