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Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is also | Type 1 diabetes |
| Insulin independent diabetes mellitus is also | Type 2 diabetes |
| Gestational diabetes and when is it | Last 1/2 of pregnancy and can cause problems with fetus and delivery |
| What are the 3 structural classes of Hormones | Proteins, Steroids, and Biogenic Amines |
| The term Synergistic refers to what | 2 Hormones working together |
| The term Permissive refers to what | 1 Hormone allowing another hormone to function |
| The term Antagonistic refers to what | 2 Hormones working opposite of one another |
| What 2 hormones does the Posterior Pituitary Gland release | Oxytocin and Antidiuretic (ADH) hormones |
| What are the 3 layers of the Adrenal Cortex | Superficial region is the Zona Glomerulosa, the Middle region is the Zona Fasciculata, and the Deep region is the Zona Reticularis |
| Zona Glomerulosa produces what | Mineralocorticoids ; the main one being Aldosterone |
| Zona Fasciculata produces what | Glucocorticoids |
| Zona Reticularis produces what | Gonadocorticoids and secretes Androgens |
| The chronological order of stress response is | 1. the alarm reaction 2. the stage of resistance 3. the stage of exhaustion |
| How are hormones eliminated from the bloodstream | 1. Excreted by Kidneys and 2. Degraded by enzymes |
| What are some symptoms of Hypothyroidism | 1. feeling cold 2. sluggishness 3. weight gain |
| What is Goiter | The enlargement of the thyroid gland due to a lack of Iodine |
| What is Paracrine Stimulation | Locally acting hormones that target cells next to the cell that the hormone was released from |
| 3 locally acting Eicosanoid Hormones are | 1. Thromboxane 2. Leukotrienes 3. Prostaglandins |
| Glucosuria is what condition | Having excess glucose in the Urine |
| Down regulation occurs when | When a target cell is continually overstimulated by hormone |
| The most common Glucocorticoids are | Cortisol and Corticosterone |
| Hormones produced in the Hypothalamus and stored in the Posterior Pituitary Gland | Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormones |
| The location of the Thymus Organ | Anterosuperior to the Heart |
| The Ovaries produce what 2 hormones | Estrogen and Progesterone |
| Growth Hormone (GH) mainly targets what systems | Skeletal and Muscular systems |
| How does Insulin effect cells nutrient wise | 1. Increase uptake of glucose 2. Increase of Lipogenesis 3. Increase of Glycogenesis in the liver |
| The Adrenal Cortex of the Adrenal Gland is stimulated by what hormone | ACTH ; adrenocorticotropic hormone produced by the Anterior Pituitary Gland |
| Results of Hyperthyroidism | 1. weight loss 2. hyperactivity 3. Increased Metabolism which can raise body temperature |
| The production of Corticosteroids in the Adrenal Cortex is stimulated by what hormone | ACTH ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| The 25 hormones produced in the Adrenal Gland are known as | Corticosteroids |
| 2 hormones of the Gonadotropins are | 1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
| Leptin is released by what | Adipose Connective Tissue and stimulates appetite |
| The condition called Acromegaly effects what bones | 1. Hands 2. Feet 3. Face |
| Gastrin is released from which organ | Stomach |
| Location of the Pancreas | Between the stomach and the small intestine |
| Graves Disease | Has Bulging Eyes |
| The binding of a lipid soluble hormone to its intracellular receptor and to the DNA is called what | Hormone Response Element (HRE) |
| What does Prolactin regulate | Mammary Gland growth and the production of Milk. |
| Pancreatic juice is secreted through pancreatic ducts to where | Duodenum |
| The Pancreas is composed mostly of what cells | Pancreatic Acini |
| Thyroid Hormone belongs to what class of Hormone | Biogenic Amine |
| What Organ produces Angiotensinogen | Liver |
| Insulin is released to do what | Lower blood glucose levels, increase Glycogenesis and Lipogenesis ; storage of fuel |
| Glucagon is released to do what | Increase blood glucose levels , increase Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis and Lipolysis; release fuel into blood |
| Insulin and Glucagon are produced in the | Pancreas |
| Parathyroid Hormone is released to do what | Raise blood calcium levels; increase osteoclast activity, decrease the loss of Ca+ in urine, increase Ca+ absorption in sm. intestine, convert Calcidiol to Calcitriol |
| Calcitonin is released to do what | Lower blood calcium levels; osteoclast inhibited ; release calcium in urine by kidneys |
| Calcitonin is produced where | By Parafollicular cells of the Thyroid Gland |
| Parathyroid Hormone is produced where | Parathyroid Gland |
| Growth Hormone is produced where | Anterior Pituitary Gland |
| GH procedure of release | Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) from Hypothalamus >Hypophyseal Portal Veins>Anterior Pituitary Gland>stimulating GH > stimulates the release of Insulin-Like Growth Hormones (IGH) in the Liver |
| 2 Catecholamines | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine; Produced in the Adrenal Medulla ; water soluble Biogenic Amine |
| 2 Glucocorticoids | Cortisol and Corticosterone; steroid hormone ; lipid soluble; Produced in the Zona Fasciculata; released by Corticotropin Releasing Hormone |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | Glycoprotein; water soluble; Produced in the Kidneys to stimulate the increase of Erythrocytes in red blood marrow to increase oxygen levels in blood |
| Antidiuretic release | Stimulated by an increase in blood osmolarity; decrease urine excreted by kidneys; thirst centers stimulated; vasoconstriction |
| Aldosterone (ALDO) | Produced in the Zona Glomerulosa; belongs to the Mineralocorticoid group; maintain sodium and potassium levels; maintain blood volume and pressure by decrease urine output |
| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) | Produced in the Atrial chambers of the heart; released when the Atrial wall increases in stretch/ high blood pressure/volume; increase urine excretion |
Created by:
scones and joe
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