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list of drugs-unit 1
all drugs for neuropharm final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reserpine | -inhibits VMAT -> depletes vesicular stores of monoamines (DA, NE, 5-HT) -decreases hypertension -15% of people taking reserpine for hypertension developed depressive-like symptoms - Parkinsonian side effects |
| L-DOPA | -Patients with Parkinson’s were given L-DOPA (a version of the dopamine precursor DOPA) to enhance DA transmission -Many patients obtained relief from EPS, but some developed an acute, positive-sx psychosis as a treatment side effect. |
| AMPT | -(α‐methyl‐p-tyrosine)competes for tyrosine binding site; no clinical use -blocks catecholamine synthesis by blocking Tyrosine Hydroxylase |
| SKF 38393 | -D1R agonist: stimulates locomoter activity (i.e. grooming) -no clinical use |
| SCH23390 | -D1R antagonist -no clinical use |
| Haloperidol | -D2R antagonist: used to treat schizophrenia (classic antipsychotic) -Treats POSITIVE symptoms of schizophrenia with little effect on negative or cognitive symptoms -decreases reinforcing properties of cocaine but also impairs locomotion |
| Amphetamine | -blocks DAT/NET, releases DA/NE b/c reversal of VMAT -used to treat ADHD: Amphetamine + dextroamphetamine (Adderall™) |
| Cocaine | ? |
| Methylphenidate | -blocks DAT and to a lesser extent NET -used to treat ADD= Ritalin -Abuse liability of methylphenidate is not related to DAT occupancy or peak plasma levels of methylphenidate, but appears to be related to the magnitude of the increase in DA/unit time |
| Atomoxetine | -blocks NET, non stimulant -increases DA/NE in FC, not striatum, b/c more DAT in striatum -used to treat ADD |
| Clonidine | -alpha2-adrenergic agonist that stimulates autoreceptors and inhibits noradrenergic cell firing. -used to reduce hypertension and opiate withdrawal -side effects: sedation, feelings of sleepiness |
| Vesamicol | -drug that blocks the vesicular ACh transporter |
| HC-3 (hemicholinium-3) | -drug that blocks the choline transporter in cholinergic nerve terminal (inhibits choline reuptake) |
| Physostigmine | -blocks AChE activity -Eserine -symptoms include slurred speech, mental confusion, hallucinations, loss of reflexes, convulsions, coma, and death -isolated from Calabar beans |
| Muscarine | -alkaloid that stimulates muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are selectively stimulated by muscarine |
| Scopolamine | -drug that blocks muscarinic receptors -found in night shade and henbane -causes cognitive impairments, delirium, and tachycardia (hallucinogen) |
| p‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) | -drug that irreversibly inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase, blocking 5-HT synthesis |
| p‐chloroamphetamine (PCA) | Drug similar in structure to amphetamine that stimulates 5-HT release. It is also neurotoxic at high doses |
| 8‐OH‐DPAT | agonist at 5-HT1A receptor can cause: hyperphagia(autoreceptors), hypothermia, anxiolytic |
| Buspirone | -agonist at 5-HT1A receptor -symptoms include increased appetite,reduced axiety, reduced alcohol cravings, and a lower body temp. -prescribed as an antianxiety medication |
| WAY100635 | -drug that selectively inhibits 5-HT1A receptors |
| Fluoxetine | (Prozac) -selectively blocks the 5-HT transporter -clinical use: antidepressant |
| Ketanserin | -nonselective 5-HT2A receptor antagonists -used to decrease hypertension |
| allylglycine | -blocks GABA synthesis -causes convulsions |
| picrotoxin | -noncompetitive antagonist at GABA(A) receptor -causes convulsions |
| Benzodiazepine | -class of drugs that act as CNS depressants through positive allosteric modulation of GABA(A) receptor activity -prescribed as anti-anxiety meds: -high abuse liability -intense side effects:sedative/hypnotic effects, muscle relaxant, anti-convulsant |
| Diazepam and Chlordiazepoxide | -Benzodiazepines -used clinically in detox to minimize alcohol withdrawal symptoms |
| Barbiturate (class of drug) | -positive allosteric modulators;increase mean open time of GABA(A) channel • Have similar effects as BDZs |
| muscimol | -classic GABA(A) receptor agonist -Causes macroscopia,hyperthermia, pupil dilation,increased mood, difficulties concentrating, anorexia, ataxia, hallucinations |
| bicuculline | -competitive antagonist at GABA(A) receptor -causes seizures |
| Baclofen (Lioresal) | -selective agonist for the GABA(B) receptor -used as muscle relaxant and anti-spastic agent |
| NBQX | -antagonist that blocks both AMPA and kainate receptors but has no effect on NMDA receptors |
| phencyclidine (PCP) | -binds to the PCP site and acts as noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor -dissociative anesthetic that was once used medicinally but now is only taken recreationally |
| Ketamine | -drug that binds to PCP site and acts as noncompetitive antagonist at NMDA receptor -dissociative anesthetic used in both human and veterinary medicine, and it is also used recreationally |
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